Philosophy of Teaching Essay -- Education Learning Careers Essays

Philosophy of Teaching Twelve years ago, I was not interested in becoming a teacher. I was content with my life. Then, I had two wonderful children. As they became school age, my opinion of teachers was immensely altered. I have spent countless hours within my childrens school, became person everyy connected to the wonderful individuals who were their teachers, and developed a respect for these tireless workers. These individuals have created a inclination within me to enhance childrens lives and improve society through education. Children are lifes blessings. All children have the ability to learn. Just as all children are individuals, they also possess diverse individual teaching styles. A successful teacher must have the necessary skills and personal drive to recognize these differences in abilities and deliver an appropriate educational experience for all of the students. In order to be a successful teacher, I plan to incorporate four major philosophies into my classroom. Th ey include behaviorism, essentialism, social reconstructionism, and progressivism. I believe a mixture of the four will create an essential environment for the most extensive educational experience that a teacher can offer. First of all, I have chosen behaviorism. Behaviorism was developed mainly by Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, and B. F. Skinner. They believed that through conditioning using rewards as well as punishments, educators could establish dominance over students behaviors. Using systems of rules, rewards, and punishments within the classroom is a constructive way to achieve control over the classroom. By producing rewards for the children to encourage appropriate behavior, they would be more than likely to strive to be achievers rather than unde... ... updated on the latest methods of teaching so that I can be the successful instructor that I desire to be.Through my children, I have been able to realize that some children are less fortunate than others. Often, children do not have positive role models in their lives. A strong, positive experience in early education is an important building block for encouraging a child who wants to continue the learning experience. My aspiration with my students is to provide them with a positive role model as well as feed their imaginations. Overall, my philosophy on education is eclectic. I feel that by using many different philosophies as well as methods, I will be a more efficient educator. I will forever strive to achieve the ideal classroom for my students to be successful in their education. My students success will be an indicator of my success as a fitted educator.

Medical Patient Records :: Electronic Medical Records

Medical long-suffering records are organized domcuments created to obtain patient checkup account statement and previous care. Medical records are personal documents stored by his or her health care provider. Each medical record has enough information to fall apart each patient . It contains their first and last name with gender and age. Every patients medical records are different some contain more information cod to their medical history. If a patient has alot of problems and have been treated then their file would have more information . Certain records also contain history of complaints and procedure, a few(prenominal) records have photographs with a short summary of what is present. Medical records can be electronically stored , traditioanlly handwritten and even voice recorded. Medical records that are written on paper and kepted in folders are divivided into informative sections It contains medical terminology terms that any person in the medical field can read It should be written in either black or blue ink. Each provider should always document the evaluation and results of every visit during the visit. It is prohibited to pre-date or backdate an entry. If there is to be a mistake written in a wrong patients file it should be dated and signed by the person that is revising the file this shows proof that it was corrected..The purpose of a medical record is for the health care provider to provide endless care to the individual patient. It serves a source for planning patient care and the services provided to that patient. Medical records begin from when the patient born. It contains diseases, malady and whatever the patient tells their physician about his or her past and present status. It also contains lab test results, medication that was ever prescribed. It also contains allergies, referrals ordered to other health care providers and plans for further care. Medical patient history inlcude families history and the status of the family members death if known. It tells relationships of the patient, his or her career and schooling this helps the physician to know and explain behavior of a patient in relation to illness or loss. It contains different habbits such as smoking use , alcohol , diet and exercise. History of vaccination is included and blood test prooving immunity. If a patient is hospitalized there are daily updates that are entered in the medical record it documents clinical changes and new information.

Essay --

Introduction-Fashion is richly embedded in the history and culture in France. The country is the home of umpteen historied designers, and is credited with creating the concepts haute couture and prt--porter two core segments of the mold industry. Today Paris, Milan, London, and New York are the Big Four fashion capitals in the world. While France is rise up cognize to be the oldest fashion empire in the world, with expansion of the industry, is it still considered the leader? 1) History of Fashion in FranceA quote by Ameri corporation poet, Allen Ginsberg says, You cant escape the past in Paris, and yet whats so wonderful about it is that the past and present intermingle so intangibly that it doesnt bet to burden. In order to truly understand the extensive role that fashion plays in a culture where the past is much(prenominal) a large piece of the present, one must learn about its deep history and evolution.The first time clothing was seen as more than a practicality, and clo ser to a location symbol was during the reign of King Louis XIV. King Louis XIV, also known as Louis the Great or the Sun King, was a monarch of the House of Bourbon and control as King of France and the Kingdom of Navarre from 1643 until his death in 1715. He was known for adorning himself in silk, diamonds, and artisanal shoes and jackets (Fashion and Power). He used these items of luxury to control and express his power to France, its residents, and the quell of Europe. Shortly after Louis XIVs death, Louis XVI came into power. King Louis XVIs wife, Marie Antoinette was also a pioneer in the French fashion culture. As the Queen of France from 1774-1792, her life was full of extravagance and luxury and she wanted her fashion to be representative of her lifestyle. In fact, she w... ...businesses reviewed annually to preserve the reputation of such a prestigious association. Chambre syndicale Du Prt--porter des Couturiers et des Crateurs de Mode is a group made up of haute cout ure houses and fashion designers who design womens ready-made fashion, and the Chambre syndicale de la Mode Masculine is a group exclusively for mens fashion. Since 1935 the Fdrations headquarters chip in been regain at 100 rue de Faubourg Saint Honor in Pariss 8 arrondissement in the heart of the city where it all began. Combined, the three parcel out organizations have over 100 corporate members. A unique quality of the Chambre Syndicale de la Haute Couture and the Chambre syndicale Du Prt--porter des Couturiers et des Crateurs de Mode, is that it accepts international members as well. This is tell to ring the quickly expanding globalization of the industry. Essay -- Introduction-Fashion is richly embedded in the history and culture in France. The country is the home of many famous designers, and is credited with creating the concepts haute couture and prt--porter two core segments of the fashion industry. Today Paris, Milan, London, and New York are the Big F our fashion capitals in the world. While France is well known to be the oldest fashion empire in the world, with expansion of the industry, is it still considered the leader? 1) History of Fashion in FranceA quote by American poet, Allen Ginsberg says, You cant escape the past in Paris, and yet whats so wonderful about it is that the past and present intermingle so intangibly that it doesnt seem to burden. In order to truly understand the large role that fashion plays in a culture where the past is such a large part of the present, one must learn about its deep history and evolution.The first time clothing was seen as more than a practicality, and closer to a status symbol was during the reign of King Louis XIV. King Louis XIV, also known as Louis the Great or the Sun King, was a monarch of the House of Bourbon and ruled as King of France and the Kingdom of Navarre from 1643 until his death in 1715. He was known for adorning himself in silk, diamonds, and artisanal shoes and jackets (Fashion and Power). He used these items of luxury to control and express his power to France, its residents, and the rest of Europe. Shortly after Louis XIVs death, Louis XVI came into power. King Louis XVIs wife, Marie Antoinette was also a pioneer in the French fashion culture. As the Queen of France from 1774-1792, her life was full of extravagance and luxury and she wanted her fashion to be representative of her lifestyle. In fact, she w... ...businesses reviewed annually to preserve the reputation of such a prestigious association. Chambre syndicale Du Prt--porter des Couturiers et des Crateurs de Mode is a group made up of haute couture houses and fashion designers who design womens ready-to-wear fashion, and the Chambre syndicale de la Mode Masculine is a group exclusively for mens fashion. Since 1935 the Fdrations headquarters have been located at 100 rue de Faubourg Saint Honor in Pariss 8 arrondissement in the heart of the city where it all began. Combined, the three tr ade organizations have over 100 corporate members. A unique quality of the Chambre Syndicale de la Haute Couture and the Chambre syndicale Du Prt--porter des Couturiers et des Crateurs de Mode, is that it accepts international members as well. This is said to reflect the quickly expanding globalization of the industry.

The Employability Paradigm Essay -- Denis O’Sullivan’s Cultural Politi

The Employability ParadigmDenis OSullivans cultural Politics and Irish Education since the 1950s (2006) makes the careen that early school leaving has traditionally been understood as a failure of the individual to succeed within mainstream schooling. This essay plans to outline and support OSullivans argument and also to show how the political and educational system in Ireland has created a criterion for achiever which guarantees a certain amount of failure.OSullivans (2006) argues that the Employability Paradigm which emerged in the 1970s served to distinguish a group of students who were not achieving the standard needed to guarantee employment. Employability is the assessment of those with the lowest chance of success in an economically motivated nation. It posits that intervention is necessary to prevent those individuals who have failed within the system from being dependent on social welfare and later from being socially excluded (OSullivan 2006). In the early 1970s, Ire lands entry into the European economy and the changing employment market combined to connect education attainment to employability. As a result, educational credentials became the accepted way of assessing ability and this served to focus attention on those leaving school early with little or no qualifications. OSullivan argues that while the policy of the state, on the surface, seemed to support equal opportunity with the provision of free access to secondary education, the reality for most works class students was far from equitable. There were limited interventions available for those who needed help to develop the skills needed to benefit from access to secondary education and these students became disenfranchised. The disc... ...ing and Youth prod Markets A Cross-National Analysis IN Blanchflower, D. and Freeman, R.Youth Employment and Joblessness in Advanced Countries. Chicago University of Chicago Press.Mac Einri, P. 1997. Some Recent Demographic Developments in Ireland. Online Available from http//migration.ucc.ie/etudesirlandaises.htm Accessed seventh May 2012ODubhslain, A. 2006. The White Paper On Education A Failure To Invest. Student Economic Review. 20 p 115OSullivan, D. 2006. Cultural Politics and Irish Education since the 1950s. Ireland Cork University Press.Ronayne, T. 2004. Regions Without Work Unemployment and Labour Market Policy in Ireland. Online Available from http//www.wrc.ie/publications/regionsw.pdf Accessed 7th May 2012Stokes, D. 2004. Submission to the Youth justice Agency. Online Available from www.youthreach.ie Accessed 7th May 2012

The Historiography of the Origins of the Cold War Essay -- History His

The Historiography of the Origins of the frigid contendThere have been many attempts to explain the origins of the Cold state of war that essential between the capitalist West and the communist East after the Second World War. Indeed, there is great disagreement in explaining the source for the Cold War some explanations draw on events pre-1945 some draw only on issues of ideology others look to economics security concerns dominate some arguments personalities are seen as the root cause for some historians. So wide is the range of the historiography of the origins of the Cold War that is has been said the Cold War has also spawned a war among historians, a controversy over how the Cold War got started, whether or not it was inevitable, and (above all) who bears the main responsibility for starting it (Hammond 4). There are three main schools of thought in the historiography the traditional view, known alternatively as the orthodox or liberal view, which finds fault lying mostly w ith the Russians and deems security concerns to be the root cause of the Cold War the revisionist view, which argues that it is, in fact, the United States and the West to blame for the Cold War and not the Russians, and cites economic open-door interests for spawning the Cold War finally, the post-revisionist view which finds fault with both sides in the conflict and points to issues raised both by the traditionalists as well as the revisionists for combining to cause the Cold War. While strong arguments are made by historians writing from the traditionalist school, as well as those writing from the revisionist school, I claim that the viewpoint of the post-revisionists is the most accurate in describing the origins of the Cold War. In the days imme... ... sides as having been the cause of the struggle. In evaluating the historiography of the origins of the Cold War, I deem the post-revisionist account to be the most convincing of all those assessments offered thus far. Bibliogra phyMcCauley, Martin. The Origins of the Cold War 1941-1949. second Ed. Longman. London, 1995.Hammond, Thomas, Editor. Witnesses to the Origins of the Cold War. University of Washington Press. Seattle, 1982. Gaddis, John Lewis. We Now Know Rethinking Cold War History. Clarendon Press. Oxford, 1997.Saull, Richard. Rethinking Theory and History in the Cold War. Frank Cass. London, 2001.Crozier, Brian et. Al. This War Called Peace. Sherwood Press. London, 1984. Fleming, D. F. The Cold War and its Origins, 1917-1960. George Allen and Unwin. London, 1961.Morgan, Richard. The Unsettled Peace. BBC. London, 1974.

The Historiography of the Origins of the Cold War Essay -- History His

The Historiography of the Origins of the Cold WarThere have been many attempts to pardon the origins of the Cold War that developed between the capitalist West and the communist East after the Second World War. Indeed, there is great disagreement in explaining the source for the Cold War some explanations draw on events pre-1945 some draw only on issues of ideology others look to economics security concerns loom some arguments personalities are seen as the root cause for some historians. So wide is the range of the historiography of the origins of the Cold War that is has been said the Cold War has excessively spawned a war among historians, a controversy over how the Cold War got started, whether or not it was inevitable, and (above all) who bears the main responsibility for starting it (Hammond 4). There are triplet main schools of thought in the historiography the traditional tidy sum, known alternatively as the orthodox or liberal view, which finds fault lying mostly with th e Russians and deems security concerns to be the root cause of the Cold War the revisionist view, which argues that it is, in fact, the United States and the West to blame for the Cold War and not the Russians, and cites economic open-door interests for spawning the Cold War finally, the post-revisionist view which finds fault with both sides in the conflict and points to issues raised both by the traditionalists as well as the revisionists for combining to cause the Cold War. While unafraid arguments are made by historians writing from the traditionalist school, as well as those writing from the revisionist school, I claim that the viewpoint of the post-revisionists is the most accurate in describing the origins of the Cold War. In the years imme... ... sides as having been the cause of the struggle. In evaluating the historiography of the origins of the Cold War, I deem the post-revisionist account to be the most convincing of all those assessments offered then far. Bibliograph yMcCauley, Martin. The Origins of the Cold War 1941-1949. 2nd Ed. Longman. London, 1995.Hammond, Thomas, Editor. Witnesses to the Origins of the Cold War. University of Washington Press. Seattle, 1982. Gaddis, John Lewis. We Now Know Rethinking Cold War History. Clarendon Press. Oxford, 1997.Saull, Richard. Rethinking Theory and History in the Cold War. point-blank Cass. London, 2001.Crozier, Brian et. Al. This War Called Peace. Sherwood Press. London, 1984. Fleming, D. F. The Cold War and its Origins, 1917-1960. George Allen and Unwin. London, 1961.Morgan, Richard. The Unsettled Peace. BBC. London, 1974.

Play It as It Lays

The Victim And The Oppressors Play it as it lays, a novel written by Joan Didion is a great example of how life can overwhelm mortals emotions. It is a story about an amateur actress whose life has had emotional changing experiences since she was unseasoned. Play it as it lays takes us on a journey with this young woman and her incapacitated life. The main character, maria, finds herself aimlessly engaging in activities reluctantly due to the lack of halt she has over her life. marias family is one diorama of life she is detached from. maria is separated from her husband Carter Lang.Together they have one child named Kate. The fact that Maria and Carter are separated seems to evoke senses of impuissance for Maria. She is left alone and resorts to memories for comfort. Feelings of vulnerability and constraint seem to be a reoccurring theme in her life. Maria has no control over Kate. Due to aesculapian conditions from birth, Kate must be under constant medical supervision. Livin g under medical supervision is what is normal for Kate. As a result, Maria is left feeling dismal because there is nothing she can physically do to help her daughter.Maria has a sense of being in control when she drives the freeways. Maria drives the freeways familiar in the summer, with no intention of arriving anywhere. She can speed up or slow down as she likes and travel any direction she wants. Unless she is driving on the freeway by ten, Marias rhythm of the day will be thrown off. One day when she drives past her usual flecking point, Maria drives too far and she is thrown of her normal schedule. On the way back from her drive, Maria encounters darkness and traffic. This is uncomfortable for Maria because she cannot drive as she wants and in turn loses her freedom.After that day she stops driving the freeway unless she needs it to get somewhere. The people involved in Marias social life control and deceit her. Maria is easily coerced in to situations. A major example is whe n a producer named BZ tells Maria he will take her to a party. Although Maria shows signs of hesitance, BZ uses ridicule to make her feel uncomfortable and reply with only, Ill see you at seven-thirty. (Didion 16) In this situation, Maria is mocked directly and she does nothing to defend herself. Another leaders example of oppression is when Carter tells Maria to get an abortion if she wants to keep Kate.Maria subjects her body to dangerous surgery performed by someone she does not know personally because of an ultimatum with Carter. Throughout this whole process Maria is the least in control of her own body. After being insulted, traumatized, and kept distant from her daughter we find Maria is the victim of oppressors in her life. Do you believe she is responsible for what happens to her? Marias passive attitude about life effectively leaves her not living energized. So she idly moves though tasks and commands from her family and friends. Work Cited Didion, Joan. Play It As It L ays. New York Farrar, Staus, Giroux, 2005. Print

Impressment of British Men and the Draft of the Vietnam War Essay

In this paper, I would briefly discuss the Impress manpowert of British workforce and the Draft of Vietnam War. I would present the sameities and differences of the two eras in answering the question How are the two eras of Impress custodyt of British Men and Draft of Vietnam wars can be compared and contrast? In addition, I would as well try to present some argu workforcet regarding these era. Impressment is defined as the enforcement of fitted except un allow foring men finished crude and violent methods (Britannica Corporate Site, 2007) or forcibly inducting men into fortify forces service or in navy.(Politics and Public Service Impressment, 2005) Impressment is more common land on navy than on military service. Physically fitted men were forced to serve on ships to fill the crew complement and on military in times of conflict. Conditions in European navy and military were very hard were the navy and military men experience scarcity of food, brutal punishment, different diseases and homesickness. These conditions resulted to impressments of men because only few volunteer in enlistments and they really withdraw manpower. And most of the times, men at ages 18-55 were in danger of this practice.Impressment goes this way. Strong sailors formed a press gang. It is usually headed by a ship officer who chose strong and ruthless crew. They were armed with sly tongues and clubs. They would wait for other ships where they first offer employment to sailors as an attempt to make them come willingly. If they dont want to come, this is where they forced them. They grab men and experienced sailors to impressed forcing them on board the ship. Their targets are mostly poor and criminals, those who have least social power over them. (Alternative Canadian inheritance Moments)Some of the men seized by the press gang chose to start up off and leave the British ship. They choose to come to the American merchant marine who offers better pay and more comfortable posit ions and adopt also the American citizenship. British navy targeted the British deserters and searched each ship including the American ship. Supposedly, impressment should only be for British men. However, sailors from other nations, particularly in America were also seized because they look similarly to British men in appearance, clothing or language.(War of 1812) British men stop their ships at sea and since they were unable to get ample men, they wouldnt believe any document as proof of their citizenship. (Smith, 2007) Once a man was impressed, he was offered choices of whether he would sign as volunteer and throw benefits and salary or just remain as pressed man and receive nothing at all. (Royal Naval Museum Library, 2001). The impressment of American by the British men is get byed as violations to Americas sovereignty and maritime rights. Because of this, the Americans were really offended which resulted to war they declared against Britain on June 1812.At that time, Brit ish were engaged in the war with the Napoleonic Empire so they did not give that much attention to the United States complaints even by and by the declaration of war against them. But after taking some considerations they formed First Nations allies and campaigns to protect Canada. The allies and Canadian military worked together to stop the American invasion even if they are inexperienced in this field. (War of 1812) The practice of impressment in Britain was last used in 1803-1815 during the Napoleonic wars but the right of using it still retained.By the socio-economic class 1853, some changes were made like giving a pension for the sailors who continuously served in the navy for a certain number of years. The changes made reduced the need of impressments until it died out the form it used to be since many men would volunteer already. (Royal Naval Museum Library, 2001) Drafting of men during Vietnam War or what we call conscription is similar in impressments of British men durin g the Napoleonic war. Conscription means the same as impressment which is forced service to the military force or any institution with established authority.So they are similar in the sense that the physically-abled and fitted men are forced to do serve in the military service. or so 2. 2 million of approximately 8. 6 million men and 250,000 women who served the military during the Vietnam War era were blueprinted. In contrast to the Impressment where their way of avoiding it is escaping, the draftingees could avoid the draft resistance by deferment, exemption or medical disqualification. (Seely) These two eras are also different in the process of getting unwilling men convoluted into military service.In Vietnam War, the draftees were chosen in deferment system in 1792 until it was changed into a lottery manner in 1863. The remarkable date of the first draft lottery is on December 1, 1969. This is a way of United States of drafting young men to fight the war in Vietnam. There ar e 366 capsules representing each day of the year. Inside the capsules were pieces of papers were draftees birthday whose age ranges from 18 to 26 is written. The birthdays are between January 1, 1944 and December 31, 1950. The drawing of these capsules is shown to the national boob tube and broadcast on radios.Capsules were drawn one by one and the dates drawn were assigned a certain number depending on the order respectively. (CNN panorama Series) The draftees were and then called for duty still according to order that they were drawn until the number needed for military manpower is reached. Draftees would then undergo screening before they could actually be sent to Vietnam. Some might be rejected because of their physical and mental fitness or legal grounds such as conviction to crimes. (CNN Perspective Series) Still, because of draftees mass armies were raised at little cost and sustained the military force.But then discrimination was rampant making the draft controversial. Th is is obvious when the working(a) class and the rich could pay money for $300 to avoid being drafted. (Gill, 2005) During the Vietnam War, the draft prepared can easily be tapped by the authority and commove to war. That is why the war lasted for almost ten years. (Jahnkow, 2007) This conscription in United States ended in 1973 when Vietnam War ended and political oppositions to the draft started to progress. From getting draftees, military became a volunteer force when the US Congress abolished the draft. (Friedman, 2006).The issue of draft or constriction or impressments remains debatable between an individual match and a national society security concern. When we practice democracy of choosing what you want, we cannot deny the fact that the manpower needed by the military forces of the nation is not plentiful and volunteer enlistment remains low. Others argue that one who enjoys the security offered by the countrys army forces owe not only their property but their service to the nation. Many people who talk about renewing and bringing back the draft believes that the US armed forces need more members to serve and push the country.(Gill, 2005) On the other hand, some argue that a military group or army consists of volunteer citizens would be a more effective armed force. Since they volunteer their dedications to work can be expected. There is also a big probability that they will stay in the service for a prospicient time. The time supposedly be used in constriction would then be used in practicing and developing military skills. Moreover, there is less team spirit problems. (Friedman, 2006) Some speculate theres no more need of draft because of the technologies used in wars today.The military needs professionals and not just men who have combat skills. Another argument is that of expanding the reserve corps and activating them in times of conflicts rather than recruiting through constriction. At least, reserve corps was learn with the military skill s needed for an effective troupe, something that a draft could not provide. Generalizing the research Ive made regarding the two eras of Impressment of British men and the Draft of Vietnam War, I guess history would repeat itself if in the present the legislators will consider reviving the draft or impressment for the armed forces.Lets say they approved draft or impressment, there will also be protests, rallies and riots from the people to stop it. This would mean another conflict within the country. And more lives will be sacrificed for this matter. Taking into consideration the national security concern on the other hand, we can also see the need of recruiting and getting more men involve in the military and armed forces. But as some people are saying, there could be a better way of doing it so than renewing the draft and impressment practices of the 1700s.With this I want to quote Rich Janhkow, a member of Committee Opposed to Militarism and the Draft, in the article he wrote mi xed-up Thinking About Conscription. He said, People who are now advocating a draft need to be challenged to look more carefully at the facts and consider the full, global implications of what they are proposing. Otherwise, they may eventually get what they are asking for, which would come back to haunt us all (Jahnkow, 2007).Bibliography Alternative Canadian Heritage Moments. (n. d. ). Retrieved lordly 27, 2007, from Alternative Heritage Moments Project http//www. opirg-carleton. org/alt-khm/ pmwiki/pmwiki. php/Main/Impressment Britannica Corporate Site. (2007).Retrieved princely 26, 2007, from ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA ONLINE http//www. britannica. com/eb/article-9042221/impressment CNN Perspective Series. (n. d. ). Retrieved August 27, 2007, from CNN interactive http//www. cnn. com/SPECIALS/cold. war/episodes/13/the. draft/ Friedman, G. (2006, November 21). A Fresh Look at the Draft. Retrieved August 28, 2007, from STRATFOR https//www. stratfor. com/offers/061109-MCA/280234.php? r ef=061109-MCA&camp=06 Gill, K. (2005, June 27). US Politics. Retrieved August 28, 2007, from Military Conscriptin, Recruiting and The Draft http//uspolitics. about. com/od/electionissues/a/draft. htm Jahnkow, R. (2007, January 21). ZNET. Retrieved August 28, 2007, from Muddled Thinking About Conscription http//www. zmag. org/content/showarticle. cfm? SectionID=51&ItemID=11909 Politics and Public Service Impressment. (2005). Retrieved August 26, 2007, from us history. com http//www. u-s-history. com/pages/h456. html Royal Naval Museum Library.(2001). Retrieved August 27, 2007, from Royal Naval Museum http//www. royalnavalmuseum. org/info_sheet_impressment. htm Seely, R. A. (n. d. ). A Further Flight. Retrieved August 27, 2007, from givewings. com http//www. givewings. com/writings/essays_on_war/vietnam. html Smith, S. (2007). wiseGEEK. Retrieved August 27, 2007, from Conjecture Corporation http//www. wisegeek. com/what-is-impressment. htm War of 1812. (n. d. ). Retrieved August 27, 2 007, from galafilm http//www. galafilm. com/1812/e/background/brit_impress. html.

Demographics and Social Stratification

AUTUMN (REPEAT) EXAMINATION, 2010/2011 Exam Code(s) Exam(s) Mode Code(s) Module(s) Paper No. Repeat Paper 2BC1, 2BC2, 2BC3, 2BC4, 2BC5, 2BCA1, 3CL1, 4CL2, 4BI1, 4BI2, 1DB1, 1OA1, 1EM1, 1PIB1. Second Year B. Comm. Degree. MK 206 & MK 203 & MK 289 CONSUMER / vendee BEHAVIOUR 1. ____ Special Paper ____ External Examiner(s) Internal Examiner(s) Professor Peter Naude Dr. Declan Fleming Ms. Ann Walsh Ms.Orla Higgins Please answer three questions. All questions carry equal marks. Two hours. expiration to Library Yes ? Instructions Duration No. of Answer Books Requirements Handout Other Material No. of Pages Discipline(s) Two including cover page. Marketing CONSUMER / BUYER BEHAVIOUR MK 206 & MK 203 & MK 289 enthrall ANSWER THREE OF THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS 1. What is meant by perception? (20 marks)Give a detailed description of the factors a marketer must take into account when devising a campaign to get the attention of consumers. (80 marks) 2. Discuss the nature of situational influenc e on consumer buying behaviour. (100 marks) Explain any two of the following concepts and discuss their relevance from a Consumer Behaviour perspective Elaboration Likelihood Model Fishbein Model Self Concept The Five Step Consumer Behaviour Decision-Making Model (100 marks) . 4. What is meant by Cognitive teaching? (20 marks) Describe two main Cognitive Learning Theories, giving examples of how these theories can be applied in marketing. (80 marks) 5. Describe the household decision-making process for childrens products. In your answer outline determinants of family purchase roles (role specialisation, involvement, characteristics) and describe how conflicts are resolved. (100 marks)

Existing Good or Service Business Proposal Essay

The doubting Thomas Money Service, Inc. is a consumer finance company that has been granting loans and financing since 1940. Within the first quint years the company expanded its business when it began issuing business loans, business acquisition financing, and commercial real estate loans (University of Phoenix, 2011, p. 1). By 1946 the company expanded to acknowledge equipment financing by creating a subsidiary named Future Growth Inc. (FGI). Due to taboogrowthd demand in forestry and construction equipment in 1951 FGI purchased a manufacturing company so that the company was able to offer financing as well as their own brand of construction equipment. Over the past 67 years, FGI has held a monopoly on financing and manufacturing construction equipment and has seen only increased profits year after year. FGI has in any case never had to lay off any of its employees.This track record has wholeowed their commonplace to grow from $5.00 to $85.60 with stock splits from 1975 to 1 998. FGI has never issued bonds, and the present stock value is $35 (University of Phoenix, 2011, p. 1). Unfortunately, with the current stinting down minutes, natural disasters, and a filiation in new-home sales, profits for FGI began to decline by 30% from the previous year. Due to the decline in production, the company was forced to layoff a third of their employees. Even with the current drop in new-home sales, there is still the chance for demand to increase as the economy becomes healthy again. Below the author allow discuss how to increase revenue. ontogenesis revenueFGI has galore(postnominal) opportunities to increase revenue. Increasing revenue is non only dependent on the sales price of the product but also on what the companies depreciates include. The company leave conduct to re-evaluate the way it spends silver and circumscribe how to overthrow outgoing bells. The first step FGI should take is to review its vender list and communicate with the vendor tod etermine the best way to reduce costs while saving the vendor money as well. FGI could request that all parts and supplies be purchased in pop to cut down on freight registers as well as kick the bucket out to other businesses in the area to purchase supplies from the same vendor together. They would share the cost of freight, which would reduce the expense for both companies. Advertising is a nonher expense that FGI withdraws to focus on. Currently FGI has cut back on its ad efforts and has finalised to only advertise during sporting events. This might not be a productive advertising st roamgy. It would be to a greater extent lucrative to advertise in several venues such as direct mail, newspapers, and telephone books. This strategy give get the company name and assistances to a broader area of customers.Another expense is employee hours, schedules, and benefits that could use an overhaul. Currently FGI was forced to layoff a third of its workforce. The company needs to det ermine the best way to keep its employees while still saving money for the company. Department heads will need to review and re-evaluate employee schedules and hours to ensure that they are using the employee hours effectively. By re-scheduling and trim back employee hours, FGI will be able to palliate even more revenue. Benefits are also an expense that is offered by the company, but the company is not required to offer them to its employees. FGI should review and determine if it can continue to offer all of the benefits it currently does. If necessary, FGI could reduce 401k matching, reduce or stop employee bonuses and parties, and finally re-negotiate with insurance companies to find a more cost effective insurance package for the employees. Finally, the just about effective way to ensure an increase in revenue is to cut the sales price of the equipment. The chart below shows that the lower the price, the higher the demand. If FGI were to decrease its prices they would increas e sales.Communicating with vendors, upping advertising, re-structuring employee hours and benefits, and cutting prices are all successful ways to increase revenue. Another aspect of increasing revenue that FGI needs toconsider is the expending tycoon of its customers. The economy of the United States is currently on the down turn again, heading back into a recession. The credit market conditions are not very tender the current unemployment rate is un agitated at 9.1% according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The fact that the unemployment rate has had no change means that the economy has not changed. on that point are no new jobs, which affect the construction industry. People cannot afford to build homes and they cannot apply for loans because their credit history is not strong enough.There is a silver lining for construction companies and equipment companies such as FGI. In 2009, the government spend a pennyd the 2009 Stimulus Package, which included $131 billion allo cated for construction-related spending (The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2011, para 1). This stimulus allows for construction companies to bid for upcoming transportation construction jobs. Construction companies will need to upgrade their equipment to newer more efficient equipment that can handle the new workload and conditions. FGI will need to take advantage of the influx in construction equipment purchases by advertising and offering discounts and rebates to all new and current customers. Maximize ProfitThe concept of fringy cost and marginal revenue is used to determine how much it will cost to produce one more piece of equipment. Companies typically look to r all(prenominal) a production equilibrium where marginal cost and marginal revenue are equal. At this point, the company will maximize its profit (Vitez, 2003-2011). If an imbalance were to excrete on either marginal costs or marginal revenue there will be inefficiencies with production. There is a possibility that it could cost the company more to produce the extra piece of equipment than it would profit from. According to Huter The bill that maximizes profit is where marginal profit shifts from positive to negative (1999-2011). To determine the profit-maximizing quantity it is necessary to know the price, variable costs, marginal revenue, and quantity ordered. Looking at the chart above it is clear that the company is making money off of the level best of 12 orders. If the order demand were to go from 12 to 13, there is the possibility that it would cost the company more to produce that many than they are able to charge for all 13. With that in mind, theprofit-maximizing quantity would be 13. Suggested Mix of price and Non-Pricing StrategiesFGI is no longer the only equipment manufacturing company for customers to choose from. In order for FGI to vex competitive, the company must include a mix of pricing and non-pricing strategies. Non-pricing strategies would include advertising the compan y as well as any discounts, financing, and warranties the company has to offer. Pricing strategies could include low-interest financing, longer payment terms, warranties, and product bundling. Product bundling could simply state that if a customer not only orders the equipment through FGI but also finances the purchase than they will receive a discount on the total price.According to the Wall Street Journal, the Labor Departments cinch of the August jobs landscape, cuts in the public sector entirely offset the private sectors gain of 17,000 positions. Figures from earlier months were lowered, referable largely to deeper cuts by government. The unemployment rate remained at 9.1% but is likely to move higher in coming months amid the lackluster pace of job creation (Reddy, 2011, para 4). Due to the possible economic downturn, FGI must consider a radical change in policy to stay competitive and on top of the market for construction manufacturing equipment. This radical change would b e to offer customers the opportunity to rent or lease the construction equipment instead of purchasing it out right. Leasing construction equipment will allow construction companies to save money and will allow FGI to earn income and stand out among its competition.Create or Increase Barriers to EntryIt can be difficult to create or increase barriers to entry when there is already competition in place. A few things that FGI could do to increase barriers to entry is to offer customers something that is totally different from the competition. making the customers want to only purchase from FGI. Those differences would include the ability of the customer to rent the construction equipment for the duration of their contract and increase customer service. Increasing customer service would include offering the customers more options to contact FGI. FGI will need to utilize technologysuch as the Internet, Websites, email communication, and QR codes, which allows customers to access company information and discounts. Increase Product DifferentiationProduct differentiation includes pricing and non-pricing strategies as well as increasing barriers to entry. FGI will need to make their construction equipment stand out from its competitors. In order to stand out, FGI will need to make changes to how it advertises its product, increase offers customers who purchase the equipment, and make the customers experience with FGI unique. Customers want to be excited about spending money, FGI should make their shopping experience exciting and rewarding. Customers who are happy about their purchases will spread the word to other potential customers who will then decide to purchase from FGI over other construction equipment companies. Other Ways to Minimize CostsA few ways to minimize costs for the product includes reducing the amount of employees, which FGI youthfully did. One way to minimize costs is for FGI to lease their manufacturing centers and financial offices instead of pur chasing the buildings. Leasing will reduce costs to FGI because the owner of the buildings will need to pay for the upkeep and maintenance of the building and grounds. Reducing spending on supplies and manufacturing equipment is another way to minimize costs. The issue with reducing spending on supplies and is that the supplies could potentially be inferior products which would then make the products that FGI sells inferior. FGI will need to determine if the quality of their product is worth risking so that the company can reduce the cost of producing the equipment. International TradeInternational trade is beneficial to both the United States and foreign countries because it is the exchange of goods between both countries. Trading globally gives consumers and countries the opportunity to be exposed to goods and services not available in their own countries (Heakal, 2003, para 4). International trade can affect and is affected by each nations political issues. A current example is t he Greek economic bail out. The Greek economy is currently in need of another debt bailout to hopefullyturn its economy around. The affect that the European bailout of Greece could have on the United States is that Europe will have less money to spend on American goods, which will then cause trade to decrease.If a full default occurred, other troubled countries, notably Spain and Portugal, could also follow suit, leading to a wave of defaults that would mischievously affect the European zone and could send shockwaves all the way to Wall Street (Katrandjian, 2011, para 13). As the Global Economy stands now, international trade has not been affected significantly. There is the possibility of international trade being affected if the European economy doesnt stabilize. With that in mind FGI must consider how the international economy will affect the overhaul of FGIs current marketing structure. FGI will need to make its products more lucrative for foreign companies to purchase. FGI wou ld need to create a special package offer to foreign companies that includes special incentives such as discounts, extended warranties, and shorter lead times. ConclusionFGI has been a successful company since 1940. With the recent economic hardships and additional competition, FGI has determined that they need to re-evaluate their current marketing and product strategies. To increase profit and market value, FGI will need to revamp their spending, marketing, employee hours and benefits, and reduce the cost of their product. Another aspect of business that FGI needs to focus on is the marginal costs and marginal revenue to maximize profits so that they are not producing too much product that will end up costing them more than it is sold for. FGI has the opportunity to re-strategies their pricing and incentives to draw in more customers as well as increase blocking more companies from entering the construction equipment manufacturing industry. With the current credit markets being at an all time low, FGI will need to adjust their production and extended forecast to meet the potential decrease in sales. The 2009 Stimulus Package offers hope to FGI that sales will increase due to the government projected construction improvements on all Freeways and Highways throughout the country.ReferenceKatrandjian, O., (2011) Greek Debt Bailout Could Affect the U.S. Economy.Retrieved phratry 5, 2011 from http//abcnews.go.com/Business/greek-debt-bailout-affect-us-economy/story?id=13879426 Heakal, R., (2003) What is International Trade? Retrieved September 5, 2011 from http//www.investopedia.com/articles/03/112503.aspixzz1X6dCaTuv Huter, S., (1999-2011) How to Calculate the Profit Maximizing Quantity. Retrieved August 20, 2011 from http//www.ehow.com/how_6713701_calculate-profit_maximizing-quantity.html Reddy, S., (2011) Job Growth Grinds to a Halt. Retrieved September 4, 2011 from http//online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424053111904583204576546220157206548.html The McGraw-Hill Co mpanies (2011) Construction Stimulus Special Section. Retrieved September 4, 2011 from http//construction.com/stimulus/market_sectors/ University of Phoenix, (2011). Thomas Money Service Inc. Scenario Computer Software. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, Simulation, ECO561 website. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (2011) Employment Situation Summary. Retrieved September 4, 2011 from http//www.bls.gov/news.release/empsit.nr0.htm Vitez, O., (2003-2011) What Is the Relationship Between Marginal Cost and Marginal Revenue? Retrieved August 21, 2011 from http//www.wisegeek.com/what-is-the-relationship-between-marginal-cost-and-marginal-revenue.htm

The Person Who Inspire Me

PART 2 Writing DR. APJ ABDUL KALAM -the person who inspire me- What does roughlyone do to inspire you? To me, rapture is the process of instilling faith in someone to motivate him or her to do something. Many people do things simply unwrap of the kindness in their heart, and do not realize they are inspiring others around them. To me, a news paper boy who is became an Indian scientist and also executive director who served as the 11th President of India, inspires me the most. Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam usually referred to as Dr. A. P. J.Abdul Kalam, is the most motivater to my study and life. He inspires me to do things by example. For example, in Dr. Kalam life, his contract wasnt educated but he wanted Kalam to study. Dr. Kalam would get up at 4 am, bathed and then go for his mathematics class. After his morning class, Kalam along with his cousin Samsuddin went around town distributing the newspaper. As the town had no electricity, kerosene lamps were literature at his home between 7 pm and 9 pm. But because Kalam studied until 11, his mother would save some for him for later use.Dr. Kalam always said to students that to come through in our mission, we must have single-minded devotion to our goal. We have to dream before our dreams can come true. When the square universe is friendly to us and conspires only to give the best to those who dream and work. These are the powerful quotes by Dr Abdul Kalam that benefactor his success followed him. He was awarded the Padma Bhushan and Bharat Ratna, and then he became the President of India. He is one of the few presidents who have touched the hearts of so many curt children in the country.Because he also came from a poor background, he knew that the power of education in changing our future. In my conclution, quotes of Dr Abdul Kalam are always take form me more stronger to achieve my dreams comes true and I would not be the person I am today without him. PART 1 Planning Topic a news paper boy wh o is became an Indian scientist and also administrator who served as the 11th President of India, inspires me the most. Topic sentences Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam usually referred to as Dr.A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, is the most motivater to my study and life. Body with supporting details He inspires me to do things by example. His father wasnt educated but he wanted Kalam to study. After his morning class, Kalam along with his cousin Samsuddin went around town distributing the newspaper. As the town had no electricity, kerosene lamps were lit at his home between 7 pm and 9 pm. But because Kalam studied until 11, his mother would save some for him for later use. Dr. Kalam always said to students that to succeed in our mission, we must have single-minded devotion to our goal. We have to dream before our dreams can come true. He was awarded the Padma Bhushan and Bharat Ratna, and then he became the President of India. He also came from a poor background, he k new that the power of education in changing our future. Concluding sentences In conclution, quotes of Dr Abdul Kalam are always subscribe me more stronger and I would not be the person I am today without him. REFERENCES 1. http//www. wonderfulinfo. com/winfo/life_history_apj_abdul_kalam. php 2. http//www. caclubindia. com/forum/quotes-by-dr-abdul-kalam104060. asp. UJOnCpiT9Ic 3. http//changeminds. wordpress. com/ 4. http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/A. _P. _J. _Abdul_Kalam To me, my husband Dave inspires me the most. He is a very loving and caring person. He gives me the strength in my heart to do whatever I put my mind to. He inspires me to do things by example. He inspires me most when I date how his generosity makes other people feel, and how good it makes him feel because of their reaction.From that example, it makes me want to do something so I can experience the same tonicity. Dave always inspires me to make goals for myself, by-line my dreams, and to do things to help othe rs. He volunteers whenever he can. A few of his favorites are Cub Scouts, Drug Awareness Programs, Childrens Hospitals, Supporting our Veterans, Community Highway Clean-up, and Habitat for Society. He is also very dedicated to helping his country. He has been in the United States Navy for almost 20 years as a Senior oldtimer Builder in the Seabees.He will retire soon, but his desire to help our country and community will continue. It was one rainy evening in feature I will never forget. We were sitting in the living room discussing his plans for a motorcycle run to raise money for the Veterans Hospital in Hampton Virginia. The TV was playing in the background, and our son was sitting at the kitchen table working on his homework. In the middle of our conversation, his cell phone rang. He stepped outside to wreak the call, and I went to check our sons progress with his homework. When he came back into the house, he did not say a word.He just turned the volume on the TV up, and star ted to endure the coverage for the upcoming hurricane. He began to explain the phone call he had just received. It was from his boss in the military. He said if the hurricane were going to be as strong as they think it will be, he would have to leave right away to be there for the disaster recovery. This started to make me worry some what was going to happen to the motorcycle run. We had over 200 people already pre-registered, the t-shirts ordered, the food was being prepared, the permits were in hand, and the police escort had already been set up.I knew this was something Dave was aroused about, and it had to go on. Suddenly, on August 29, Hurricane Katrina hit the Gulf coast. There was severe damage mostly in the cities of Mobile, Alabama, Waveland, Biloxi/Gulfport, Mississippi, and New Orleans. At least 1,836 people missed their lives due to the severe storm surge damage. Dave was ready to go as soon as he heard the news, so he could provide help to those who lost everything. More than 3,000 U. S. Navy Seabees from all over the United States aided in the hurricane Katrina relief efforts.Hurricane Katrina was so devastating Dave and his crew volunteered to stay longer, and could not make it back in time for the motorcycle run for the veterans hospital. His passion to help his community, and our country inspired me to take over the motorcycle run. I wanted to make a difference in peoples lives just as Dave would have done. He wanted to make life a little easier not only for our veterans in the hospital, but also the people who lost everything due to the hurricane.After a lot of hard work and dedication, it was a very rewarding feeling knowing I could help that day. The motorcycle run was a huge success, and we were able to present them with a check for over five thousand dollars. Without the inspiration from my husband, and continuing to do things out of the kindness of his heart, I would not have been motivated to do the things I have done. He continues to inspire me to do things everyday, and I would not be the person I am today without him.

How Socio-Economic Classes Contributed to Events in 1800 Europe Essay

Described as the divine distribution of men into assorted ranks, and at the same metre uniting them into one society (Gladstone, 1896), the socio-economic split up order formed the structure and foundation of society in Europe. Consisting of three intelligible entities and with a strong correspondence surrounded by economic prosperity and fond standing, it would also serve as the backdrop for which historical phenomena would occur.Europes hearty order was not just the environment in which these events would materialize, but also a fundamental causal factor in three notable events The French Revolution (1789-1799), The French Revolution of 1848 and Britains Industrial Revolution (1750 onwards). However, the origins of these events were also contingent upon other circumstantial factors. The roots of the first French rotary motion, arguably, be in The skill the period of the philosophers.New philosophies advocating human rationality came to form by the mid 1700s and were prop elled into popular thought after the isolated, and highly charged, Jean Callas mishap . Philosophers like Voltaire found the perfect vehicle in this incident to question the arbitrary use of power so prevalent in French society. The monarchy and the tender movement of the Social Order soon came into question. Across Europe, cafes sprung out to host discussion centered on the common theme of reason. Society cleaved toward enlightened ideas of rationality, equality and liberalism, lede to the growing questioning of the existing monarchial power structure.Alternative political ideologies for the state, from personalities like Rousseau and Locke, sprouted and undermined the legitimacy of the monarchy. While The Enlightenment is responsible for creating pressure from society against the monarchy, these ideas would hurl been impotent without suitable ground. The socio-economic categorizing of European society is a more fundamental cause of the first French Revolution because it provi ded this ground. The rigidity of the social order in late 17th century France accounts for the origins of the first French revolution.In theory, the social divisions were permeable and promoted mobility (Roberts, 1997). Across Europe, titles and estates could be purchased and so also, the privilege of the aristocracy. However the reality was oft different. In light of booming trade, the demand for titles from the French bourgeoisie and returning nobility outstripped the number permitted by the social order . Furthermore, while the bourgeoisie enjoyed increase economic power and could live equally, if not exceedingly, extravagant lives as the nobility, the social order shut this community out from the benefits of social privilege .This was exacerbated by the nobilitys stress on privilege in response to the new Bourgeois economic threat. The systems disregard of merit in plant of hereditary, and the fundamentally irrational social construct sowed discontentment within the second an d third estate, where the ideals of enlightenment rationality and equality, would find willing subscribers. Riding on the peevishness toward societys order and fuelled by The Enlightenments ideas did the French Revolution tear its way through to the Bastille.While the first French revolution was understandably a social battle, one could argue that the revolution of 1848 was born out of opposition to economic factors than on societys social construct. The time leading up to 1848 was a time of gradual industrialization for France. Its products rapid urbanization and changes in economic practices, broke familiar social patterns of the operative class. For instance, the mercantile system was rewritten by doing away with the cottage industry and previously public domain of a functions, privatized.Added to this, a burgeoning population, severe industrial and agricultural depressions in 1846 and Louis-Phillipes inaction in alleviating rural and urban poverty culminated to create great peasant discontent. The economic change that accompanied its deterioration galvanized the working class, triggering the third French revolution in 1848 aptly, also known as a Workers Revolution. However, it is artificial to separate economics from social class since there is a correspondence between social hierarchy and wealth. They are, after all, aptly named socio-economic classes.In analyzing yet another French revolution, an important observation to make is the persistence of Europes social order. Though the 1830 revolution delivered another great blow to the old social order (Magraw, 1987), and promised equality in opportunity and economic liberalism manifest in the abolition of seigneurial practices for all, much had remained the same. Succinctly captured by Cobbans argument that it did not matter whether we called it aristocracy or bourgeoisie , the cleaving of the aristocracy and bourgeoisie shows an adaption, not an eradication of the social order.The aristocracy kept to t heir ranks by continuing their distinctive politics and marriage practices (Magraw, 1987). Since most engaged with capitalism, they were mostly able to maintain their privileged lifestyle and visualise of much of the land . The Bourgeoisie continued to thrive, especially under the Bourgeois King and even went as far as to convert their wealth into land ownership. This neo-feudalism masquerading as the product of laissez faire economic practices, and the continuation of aristocratic dominance came at the expense of the working class. Thus did the working class continue in their economically disadvantaged positions.Their economic dependence on the old orders aristocracy, had merely been replaced with a dependence on remnants of the same old order and a new Bourgeois one. The social order is a more fundamental account for the workers revolution, since it was responsible for creating the economic grievances of the working class which became the fuel for the 1848 revolution. The Europea n social order again features as a causal factor in Britains Industrial Revolution. It is the very hierarchical nature of the class system that functioned as the engine for the Industrial Revolution.The industrial entrepreneurs of Britain, the main thrust for the innovation that characterized the revolution, took hold of Britains mineral resource advantage to affect rapid development. The motivations behind entrepreneurship are traitd back to the make-up of society. Since social privilege was linked with economic wealth, successful merchants strived to purchase titles and convert their wealth into social status (Briggs, 1979). In this way, the extravagance of formal life, held in high regard, could be emulated. However, it is admittedly reductionistic to exclusively use the quest for noblehood to account for an entire revolution.Coupled with the desire for social advancement were also ideas from The Enlightenment and The Scientific Revolution laissez faire economic practices and t echnological advancement respectively. Society as a whole was geared toward revolutionary development, equipped with the obligatory ideology and possessing the necessary scientific capability. Nonetheless, the power of science and the power of thought would have remained a means without an end if not for the existence of Europes social class as the motivation to individuals for conomic advancement. Furthermore, the narrow elite which feature in Europes social order meant that there was a prolific number from the working class available for cheap employment and indeed, were the working class called upon for this. By 1850, more than 50% of the population were living in towns and city to work in factories and city-bound industries. The abundance of cheap labor comes from the old social orders narrow top and wide base, and it sustained and accelerated industrialization to revolutionary measures.Thus, we trace back the origins of the Industrial revolution to socio-economic classes. Soci al hierarchical ascension was the motivation, and the demographic make-up, the sustenance. Evidently, the causality of the three historical events covered is not monolithic. Though the contributing factors are layered and many, the role of socio-economic class is central. Its rigid, persistent and hierarchical institution shaped the motivations of humanity and in doing so, account for the origins of major events in History.

It is in description Essay

1.The Salon was extremely important for contrivanceists wanting to establish their reputations. How do artists make do that same challenge today?For all its pomp and popularity, the manner in which The Salon aids in establishing artists mainly through the same way that large number seek to establish themselves in todays modern fourth dimensions finding a means to showcase ones work to as m whatsoever the great unwashed as possible. This was answered by The Salon by providing a grounds that had no parallel in popularity, hence reaching multitudes of audiences at any given year. Nowadays, with the absence of such tightly-knit cultural circles such as those in the visual art field, modern technology allows for artists to reach out and display their works for al to see, in an even more convenient way through the internet. There be websites that host image displays, allowing artists to create a portfolio that is easily fond and avail commensurate at any time at their whims. Given time and popularity, one may even venture out into creating ones knowledge website for the purpose of galleries and whatnot.2. How did art reflect the periods preoccupation with science?At the time, architecture was already undergoing a transformation due to the influence of neoclassicism. merely the biggest reflection of science in art during this period was the introduction of the Industrial Revolution which took place from the 18th century to the 19th century. This reflected in art pieces and such, demonstrate the change taking place not only in art but in the development of mankind in a way where artists are somehow likened to historians, keeping tabs on the development of man3. How did revolution influence art in the eighteenth century? What revolutions are influencing art today? machination in the 18th century were influenced deeply by the French Revolution as political and structural change we being implemented left and right. These changes ensnare their way into art as closely, for the change in society is much reflected in art through means descriptive of change as well. not only was it the French Revolution that affected art in this way, but the Industrial Revolution as well. Nowadays, art is being greatly influenced by the digital revolution, wherein visual art is created through computers.4. Neoclassicism was popular in Europe and the United States. (Just take a look at the government buildings in Washington, D. C.) why was the appearance so appealing? What did the builders expect the style to express? Why do we think it represents us?Neoclassicism became very popular in the United States as well as in Europe for the fact that it allows one culture to honor their traditions in architecture, paying proper homage to that which had been developed by their forefathers, meanwhile allowing a bit of leeway enough to alter these traditions in manners unoffensive to the past. May of those who sought to incorporate this style in building were able t o do so, reward traditional values and developing current ones. It is deemed to represent us so aptly as it is important for one people to respect and honor and curiously remember their heritage.1. Technology radically changed 19th century architecture. What are some of the changes that modern technology has brought to architecture? How do those changes make our lives easier? How do those changes make our lives easier? How do they sometimes complicate our lives?With the introduction of innovation, most often the perception of man that has endured for so long often as long as it took since the last basal technology takes a drastic overhaul a major if not total restructuring or reinventing of tried and tested theories as well as practices. The art field is no different. With the introduction of modern techniques, from brushes to pens to digital media, art has undergone many transitions from one media to an opposite, and from one technology to the next. Architecture, for example, has made developmental leaps and bounds through time as proved by the wildly varied architectural styles from different periods. Even as we enter the modern age, architecture continually develops to suit the necessarily of the current societal trends as well as tastes. Modern technology made it possible for new concepts in architecture to arise such as use of materials that treat the air around it, and conveniences such as with durable materials that remain lightweight yet sturdy. Advancements in modern technology nourish made it convenient to set into stone concepts that would not have been possible before. However, some of these concepts that up until recently had not been possible also allowed the creation of other architectural experiments that serve no true purpose than to prove its possibility, at the cost of practicality.2. Why were historical styles popular in the 19th century? What did artists and architects trust to achieve by executing those styles in new materials?Fro m the year 1800 until the end of the century in the coming of the year 1900, many architectural styles had grown in fame as well as practitioners, 19th century Victorian architecture in the land of Glasgow, Scotland, for example, is one of the more popular historical architectural styles of the century. It had reached its mop up in popularity during 1817 1875 and was used to denote a grand sophistication about the structures at the time. It symbolized the boldness as well as the audacity and wealthiness of the people of Glasgow and even now, with the incorporation of the styles, it showcases the grandeur and bravura and pride within ones self.3. Baudelaire urged artists to paint the heroism of modern life. How do painters and sculptors address that challenge today? Why do artists still think its important to do?Charles Baudelaires concept of The Heroism of Modern Life was one he so boldly ventured forth in doing as presented in Salon of 1846. Nevertheless, there are still quite ma ny artists who see it fit to tackle such radiosensitive matters in the way Charles Baudelaire did blatantly painting a picture of despair and misery, all the time extending the factors of hope and mystery. This is deemed important by many artists of today particularly in the trying, troubling times that beplague humanity today to show that no matter what adversity we may face, there will always be hope.4. When picture taking was first invented, artists claimed it wasnt art because it was a mechanical process. What inventions are available to create visual images that people do not consider to be art? Why do artists still use them?The classification of photography by most visual art purists as a field unfitting of the circumstance art stem from their perception of visual art as something that has to be rendered solely by the hands of the artist. As such they tend to discriminate against photography, wherein the images captured themselves may have long been around to have not been rendered or created by the photographer. However, the fact that photographers are able to create visually appealing photographs are often the results of their development of various artistic talents mastery of composition, knowledge of depths, and a keen eye for that which although seemingly mundane may be captured on film in such a way that exudes aesthetically pleasing qualities, hence should be considered art.In the same sense, these artistic purists also look down upon those who are able to create art through means that may be easily reproduced. Art trades such as the use of typography, mosaics, stencils, and the like are easily dismiss as not art or at least a lower form of it. What is often overlooked with these said fields including photography is that the conceptuality alone of these images is already an art in itself, let alone the execution and process of putting these said ideas into visual imagery. Thus artists continue to use these as they do not necessarily hamper ones artistry, but rather opens new opportunities to expand the possibilities of visual creation.

History of Indian Airlines

Brief History of Indian notelines Indias chiefly field of study state-owned carrier, Indian Airlines Ltd. , flies passengers and cargo to 59 internal and 16 internationalistic destinations. Its fleet numbered 52 aircraft in 2000. Indian Airlines has traditionally based its network around the four main hubs of Delhi, Mumbai (formerly Bombay), Calcutta, and Chennai (formerly Madras). The flight path carries about sesteter one thousand thousand passengers a year and has a substantial freight operation. Origins The Air t oil colourets Act of 1953 amalgamated Indias twelve or so respiratory tracts, most of them undercapitalized, into two nationalized air carriers Air-India Ltd. given responsibility for international routes, and Indian Airlines mountain (IAC), the home(prenominal) airline. The eight airlines that were amalgamated into IAC included Air Services of India Ltd. , Airways (India) Ltd. , Bharat Airways Ltd. , Deccan Airways Ltd. (already 70 percent government-owned), Himalayan airwave Ltd. , Indian National Airways Ltd. , Kalinga Airlines, Ltd. , plus the domestic operations of Air-India Ltd. IAC began operations with a fleet of 74 of the struggle surplus Douglas DC-3s that had founded its short-lived predecessors. The airline also had three times as many employees as it needed, writes R.E. G. Davies, a situation that was slow to change due to the governments refusal to allow layoffs. Davies also writes that the standard of maintenance was low and the airline suffered many accidents in its early years. IAC soon moved to bolster its fleet by order of magnitudeing a few wise de Havilland 114 Herons, retired after only a couple of years of service, and Vickers Viscount 768s, which were assigned to trunk routes. The DC-3s proceed to supply feeder traffic they soon began to be phased out by Fokker F-27s and Avro 748s. IAC began flying short-haul jetsFrench-made Caravellesin the mid-1960s.The Caravelles were so popular that IAC soon needed large r jets to on the routes between Bombay (Mumbai), Delhi, Calcutta, and Madras (Chennai) that create the Indias domestic trunk network. IACs outgrowth Boeing 737s entered service in 1971. Between 1962 and 1972, IAC was called upon to support the military in several campaigns, frontmost in skirmishes with China, and by and by with the struggles with Pakistan that ultimately led to the creation of Bangladesh. Confidence and Crisis in the seventies and 1980s IAC announced a Rs45 one million million divergence for 1972. The next year, the company had several incidents of aircraft damage or loss.Labor unrest, high fuel costs, political burdens, and underlying inefficiencies added to the companys problems. However, these were met with such resolve that IAC had the confidence to order its first wide-body jets, Airbus A300s, in 1975. A program to start out ground support equipment in Indian factories was part of the deal. In 1976, new routes stretched across political divisions to Ka bul, Afghanistan, in the northwest, and the Maldive Islands in the south. The government allowed the formation of a few new limited service airlines in the seventies Air Works India, Huns Air, and Goldensun melodic phrase.None of them had long life spans. Around 1979, IAC dropped the word Corporation from its name. Another national airline, Vayudoot, was formed in 1981 and tasked with carrying feeder traffic from Indias smaller communities. Indian Airlines managing director, Gerry Pais, was Vayudoots part-time chairman. Vayudoot was serving more than ascorbic acid destinations at bottom India by 1990. The government also set up a helicopter corporation to answer off-shore oil fields. BritainsFinancial Timesdescribed Indian Airlines as the worlds third largest domestic carrier in the mid-1980s.With subscriber line growing at better than ten percent a year, it was increasing its capacity. Indian Airlines legitimate a xii of the new Boeing 757s in August 1984. After Rajiv Gandhi , a former Indian Airlines pilot, became summit minister, this order was changed to Airbus A320s due to what were perceived as political reasons. However, the crash of an Indian Airlines A320 in Bangalore on February 14, 1990the types wink major(ip) crash globally in a two-year periodsorely tested managements assurance in the plane, which featured new fly-by-wire flight controls and electronic cockpit instrumentation.As part of a plan to commix Indian Airlines with Air-India, the states international carrier, two leading young industrialists were appointed to chair the boards of the two companies in downfall 1986. Neither these plans nor the new chairmen lasted very long. In 1987, Indian Airlines carried 10 million passengers and earned a profit of Rs630 million ($48 million). However, the quality of its service was facing criticism, to be heightened by the coming entry of new carriers into the market. Indias chiefly domestic state-owned carrier, Indian Airlines Ltd. flies pass engers and cargo to 59 domestic and 16 international destinations. Its fleet numbered 52 aircraft in 2000. Indian Airlines has traditionally based its network around the four main hubs of Delhi, Mumbai (formerly Bombay), Calcutta, and Chennai (formerly Madras). The airline carries about six million passengers a year and has a substantial freight operation. Origins The Air Corporations Act of 1953 amalgamated Indias dozen or so airlines, most of them undercapitalized, into two nationalized air carriers Air-India Ltd. given responsibility for international routes, and Indian Airlines Corporation (IAC), the domestic airline. The eight airlines that were amalgamated into IAC included Air Services of India Ltd. , Airways (India) Ltd. , Bharat Airways Ltd. , Deccan Airways Ltd. (already 70 percent government-owned), Himalayan Aviation Ltd. , Indian National Airways Ltd. , Kalinga Airlines, Ltd. , plus the domestic operations of Air-India Ltd. IAC began operations with a fleet of 74 of the war surplus Douglas DC-3s that had founded its short-lived predecessors.The airline also had three times as many employees as it needed, writes R. E. G. Davies, a situation that was slow to change due to the governments refusal to allow layoffs. Davies also writes that the standard of maintenance was low and the airline suffered many accidents in its early years. IAC soon moved to bolster its fleet by ordering a few new de Havilland 114 Herons, retired after only a couple of years of service, and Vickers Viscount 768s, which were assigned to trunk routes. The DC-3s act to supply feeder traffic they soon began to be phased out by Fokker F-27s and Avro 748s.IAC began flying short-haul jetsFrench-made Caravellesin the mid-1960s. The Caravelles were so popular that IAC soon needed larger jets to on the routes between Bombay (Mumbai), Delhi, Calcutta, and Madras (Chennai) that formed the Indias domestic trunk network. IACs first Boeing 737s entered service in 1971. Between 1962 and 197 2, IAC was called upon to support the military in several campaigns, first in skirmishes with China, and posterior with the wars with Pakistan that ultimately led to the creation of Bangladesh. Confidence and Crisis in the 1970s and 1980sIAC announced a Rs45 million loss for 1972. The next year, the company had several incidents of aircraft damage or loss. Labor unrest, high fuel costs, political burdens, and implicit in(p) inefficiencies added to the companys problems. However, these were met with such resolve that IAC had the confidence to order its first wide-body jets, Airbus A300s, in 1975. A program to recrudesce ground support equipment in Indian factories was part of the deal. In 1976, new routes stretched across political divisions to Kabul, Afghanistan, in the northwest, and the Maldive Islands in the south.The government allowed the formation of a few new limited service airlines in the 1970s Air Works India, Huns Air, and Goldensun Aviation. None of them had long life spans. Around 1979, IAC dropped the word Corporation from its name. Another national airline, Vayudoot, was formed in 1981 and tasked with carrying feeder traffic from Indias smaller communities. Indian Airlines managing director, Gerry Pais, was Vayudoots part-time chairman. Vayudoot was serving more than 100 destinations within India by 1990.The government also set up a helicopter corporation to serve off-shore oil fields. BritainsFinancial Timesdescribed Indian Airlines as the worlds third largest domestic carrier in the mid-1980s. With business growing at better than ten percent a year, it was increasing its capacity. Indian Airlines ordered a dozen of the new Boeing 757s in August 1984. After Rajiv Gandhi, a former Indian Airlines pilot, became prime minister, this order was changed to Airbus A320s due to what were perceived as political reasons.However, the crash of an Indian Airlines A320 in Bangalore on February 14, 1990the types second major crash globally in a two-year pe riodsorely tested managements faith in the plane, which featured new fly-by-wire flight controls and electronic cockpit instrumentation. As part of a plan to merge Indian Airlines with Air-India, the states international carrier, two leading young industrialists were appointed to chair the boards of the two companies in autumn 1986. Neither these plans nor the new chairmen lasted very long.In 1987, Indian Airlines carried 10 million passengers and earned a profit of Rs630 million ($48 million). However, the quality of its service was facing criticism, to be heightened by the coming entry of new carriers into the market. Chronology * make out Dates * 1953Indian Airlines is formed as Indias domestic airline. * 1965Short-haul Caravelle jets enter the fleet. * 1972IAC records a rare loss. * 1975The company orders its first widebody jets. * 1992Indias domestic air market is deregulated. * 1998Plans to merge Indian Airlines with Air-India are drawn up but not approved. 2001The Indian gov ernment solicits bidders for partial ownership of Indian Airlines. Additional Details * State-Owned Company * Incorporated1953 as Indian Airlines Corporation * Employees22,500 * SalesRs 3,755 crore ($1 billion) (2001) * NAIC481111 Scheduled Passenger Air Transportation 481112 Scheduled Freight Air Transportation 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation 481212 Nonscheduled Chartered Freight Air Transportationhttp//www. referenceforbusiness. com/history2/65/Indian-Airlines-Ltd. hypertext markup languageixzz2DAhNxQo5

English, the Official Language in the U. S.

The researcher stated that slope is now the prescribed talking to in the United states. There argon documents that discuss the importance of an semiofficial dustup in the States, which supports this statement. In this research there ar further details some incline as the Official Language in the U. S. and how wrangle provide unite people in society, it can be universal as a language, and it also shows that it has the tendency be a challenge, for other cultures to gibe as a bite language. There should be a way for e genuinely sensation to co-exist and to function as one nation under God in the States.Language is the substance for people to communicate with one some other and to co-exist freely. It can be quite difficult to communicate with people from other cultures that do not articulate the English language, besides the founding fathers set an representative to blend English speakers with non-English speakers casually. In the Oxford Handbook on Language and Law by Peter Tiersma, stated, the founding fathers were al approximately all native speakers of English (Tiersma, P. ) European Languages in Early America (pg. 6).But, at that time, they had not yet deemed English as the official language in the United States. The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) comments on prior period efforts on English-only uprightnesss that cut down the privileges of non-English speakers, which usually made existence intricate for huge groups of non-English speaking populations. One example cited in Dade County, Florida, where, after a 1980 English-only law was spended, Spanish signs on public transportation were removed. Mount, S. (2010). There were more native speakers from m either different countries, who came to the U. S. , and even though most of the founding fathers were native speakers of English, during the early American times, there was no need to consider English as the official language. During this day and age, the government, corporate world, m edia, and the entertaining industry workout English as the customary language for communication. This does not exclude other cultures from using their native languages, but if they want to communicate with society, they may need to learn English as a second language that they may be able to cope. correspond to research the U. S. English tongue is a nationalized, independent, non-profit populace assembly, whose denomination is to safeguard the role of the English verbal communication in the United States and erect it to be the exemplar dialect of the administration, consequently encouraging immigrants to study English (U. S. English). There was a large number of immigrates that came to this farming within a ten socio-economic class span, who spoke the Spanish language and millions came from Asia and Central America.There make up been several attempts to make English the official language, although none of the bills were passed in Congress. Recipients of Official English polici es, as they are limited and to the point, dispute that English have been the prevailing speech for the superior element of this century and ought to be made the official language in array to make things easier for government processes. In other language contact research, Bond et al. (2006) demonstrated the influence of Russian on Latvian vowels, and Guion (2003) the interaction of Quichua and Spanish on the vowels of multilinguals.In some research on vowels, Bullock and her social group discovered that French communicate in Frenchville, PA, most of the vowels reviewed proved a continuous course of action of meeting through the English vowel structure (Bullock, Dalola, & Gerfen, 2006 Bullock & Gerfen, 2004a, 2004b, 2005. Also see Hualde, 2004 for a response to Bullock & Gerfen). Sometimes it may be a challenge for other cultures to learn English as a second language. lately English became the official language in the United States. Twenty-seven states have enacted laws proclaiming English their official language, (Macmillan, C. Michael, Tatalovich, Raymond), American Review of Canadian Studies, 02722011, Summer2003, Vol. 33, Issue 2. For other states such as California and Georgia, Official English statutes that are more restrictive, i. e. , mandating that all state employees conduct official business solely in English as well as doing away with bilingual state forms is being considered (Torres 1996. ) English-only proposers like U. S. English oppose that English-only laws usually have exceptions for community safety and health requirements. They note that the English-only laws aid the government in saving bullion by allowing yield of certified papers in one language, saving capital by not having to translate and on printing costs, and that English-only laws support the education of the English language by non-English speakers. One example is of Canada, who has two official languages, which is English and French.The government of Canadian has addressed th is issue, documenting in 1996 1997 there was a warmheartedness of 260 million Canadian dollars that was spent on bilingual services. According to U. S. English, the so named states currently have important language laws in their books Alabama, Alaska, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, North Carolina, North Dakota, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Utah, Virginia, and Wyoming.A few of them hear back as many as a few decades, i. e. , Louisiana (1811) and Nebraska (1920), though most official verbal communication statutes were approved since the 1970s. The most recent attempts to endorse English as the administrative language has become more of the immigration from Spanish-speakers and people from the East (such as China and Vietnam) has brought an flood of foreigners to the U. S. According to the 1990 Census, 13. 8 percent of U. S. pe ople speak some language other than the English language at home.There is a 2. 9 percent, or 6. 7 million of the people that did not speak any English what so ever, or they just could not speak it all that well. The ACLU, who is affiliated with and are in a group has opposed to establishing a nationwide authorized tongue, published a paper about reasons that such a shift ought to be challenged. It starts by acknowledging the exertion by John Adams, in the year of 1780, to institute an administrative academy that would be devoted to English, a move that was cast off at that time as undemocratic.The ACLU notes prior attempts on the English-only laws that limited the rights of non-English communicators or which in general made animateness complicated for a large group of non-English talking populations. This example is cited in Dade County, Florida, in a dedicate that after a 1980 law was passed for English-only, Spanish signs on public transportation were removed Mount, S. (2010). I t is the belief of the ACLU that the law for English-only has the ability to violate the protection of the U.S. Constitution of its due process (more so in courts where the service for variant would not be offered) also equality in protection (for example, where the English-only ballots would be utilized instead of the bilingual ones, when they were made available in the past). In conclusion, it has been determined that English is the official language of the United States. English has been valuable for the government to make it easier to communicate the processes to the people.The research shows that making English the official language has been very beneficial to the government. It helped the government by the English-only laws that did aid the government in saving money by allowing publication of certified documents in one tongue. It saved money by not having to translate and it saved money on the printing costs. Also, the English-only laws support the education of the English l anguage by non-English speakers who in turn pay education through learning English.Though in the early American days, it was a challenge to pass the law to make English the official language, it stood the test of time and has proven to be the language that America would choose to be its representative as the language for the United States. All may not guard that it is necessary for English to be the official language in the U. S. because of the great numbers of non-English speakers that has immigrated here. Nevertheless, it has been decided, that America has an official language that will aid the government in many ways, and English has been established to do America that honor in aiding the government and the communities.ReferencesAmerican Psychological Association (http//www. apa. org/) Czubaj, C. (1995). English as a second languageare educators doing a disservice to students? Education, 116(1), 109. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Greenhouse, L. (1996). Supreme Court to Review Law M aking State Employees Speak English. New York Times News Service. Available http//www. latino. com/news/0325sup. html Hellegaard, J. (1996). Official-English Laws Boost Discrimination, Says UF Law Professor. Macmillan, C. , & Tatalovich, R. (2003). juridic Activism vs. Restraint The Role of the Highest Courts if Official Language Policy in Canada and the United States.American Review of Canadian Studies, 33(2), 239. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Major, R.. (2010). First language attrition in foreign accent perception. The International Journal of Bilingualism, 14(2), 163-183,275. Retrieved March 7, 2011, from research Library. (Document ID 2072928711). Mount, S. (2010). Constitutional topic due process. Retrieved February 23, 2011 from http//www. usconstitution. net/consttop_duep. html The Constitution of the United States, Article 1, Section 8, clause 5. The Constitution of the United States, Amendment 5. http//www. us-english. org/

American Revolution Essay

After the American Revolution, Americans, who had meet broken free from the British, completely changed their politics, economy and partnership. The Founders inflexible to change how they wanted to run their society, veritable(a) though, in the end, they went back to a more powerful federal official government like Britain. Most peoples daily lives didnt change a good deal plainly the principles from the revolution made some try to look for better financial opportunities. Women, slaves, and loyalists were changed a lot in society. Women had more immunitys, some of the slaves were set free, and many loyalists left America.America did not go with much economic change, but it did experience social and political change. Since they had just fought a war to gain their freedom from them, Americans wanted their government not to be similar to Britains at all. This is why they implemented the Articles of coalition that greatly limited federal power. But this government couldnt raise taxes, or do a plethora of other tasks that were desperately needed, so the people realized their need for a more alter government.While the new Constitution was still being created and ratified, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay were writing the Federalist cover in hopes of convincing states to support it. James Madison, in number 51 of the papers wrote Ambition essential be made to counteract ambition (Doc I). He was referring to the idea of checks and balances that would be used to ensure that anyone in the federal government would not be able to have too much power, which the people were very wary of.When it was finally ratified, the Constitution was similar to Britains government but also different because of their remains of checks and balances. at that place was not much economic change in America afterward the revolution. The Philadelphia Society for the publicity of Agriculture in 1786 gave out a medal, which said, Venerate the plough (Doc F). This exhi bits how the elite were still trying to back up the common people who werent financially better off than before the revolution, but it didnt get up much difference.Similarly, in Shays rise, Yeoman farmers in Massachusetts, according to Abigail Adams letter to Thomas Jefferson, were insistent out for a paper currency, some for an equal distribution of property (Doc G). Shays Rebellion symbolizes the economic troubles that the poor had to deal with. The social change was the biggest change that expireed in America. After the Revolution, the place of women, slaves, and loyalists in society was greatly altered. In order to teach justice and liberty to their children, women were educated in the ideals of republican Motherhood.In a woodcut of a patriot cleaning lady made in 1779, a woman is shown with a rifle and gunpowder horn (Doc A). Some women did play bigger roles in society by going with the fighting soldiers and sometimes even fighting with them in the revolution. However, not all women were satisfied to just go back to the earlier place in society they were at before the war as shown by Molly Wallace who said during her valedictory address in 1792, if taught to read, why not to speak? (Doc J). legion(predicate) American women, like Wallace, sought after advancing their roles in society. But sadly, women suffrage didnt happen for 140 old age. For slaves in some regions, there was a lot of social change. In the years after the revolution, the slave owners in the North practiced manumission, and freed many slaves there. In the South, however, it would take many more years and a Civil War for the slaves to gain their freedom. There were more actions against slavery, though.The Northwest Ordinance in 1787 stated, There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in said territory (Doc H), outlawing the spread of slavery in new states in hopes that eventually, states without slavery would exceed the states with it and be able to abolish it everywhere . The loyalists or Tories also went through significant change in society. Since they had favored Britain during the way, after it, they were became a widely hated. The Pennsylvania Packet says neer let the Tories return to this happy land (Doc B).They went through so much change in society that countless loyalists left America, never to return. Politically, Americans underwent some change by creating a new government even though they still altered it in the end. Economically, there were still elites who ruled over the lower, poor family unit of people. And socially, a large amount of change occurred for women, slaves and loyalists, although the change in the place of loyalists was extremely negative. In these ways, American society was changed in respect to political and social life, but not economically.

Development and Training – Essay

Effective breeding plans teach employees the skills ND behaviors that help the validation achieve their defined goals. struck is the number one specialty coffee retailer serving millions of people in 16,000 locations in 50 countries ( afflicted, 2010). potty employees go through vigorous prep to ensure that each form of coffee Is brewed to perfect(a)ion. opus laid low(p) may have a well-trained staff, faultings can be made, and additional define may be needed.The need assessment is the process of evaluating the organization, individual employees, and employees tasks to determine what kind of teaching, if any, is necessary. An organizational analysis of stricken shows that It Is an organization that concentrates on serving a niche market and needs to continually update its tendforce on specialized skill sets. Effective gentility objectives have three components and should include the following measurable movement standards 1 A statement of what the employee Is expect ed to do, the performance or outcome. . A statement of the quality or level of performance that Is acceptable. 3. A statement of the conditions under which the trainee is expected to apply what he or she viewed. info gathered from the organization, and task analysis will help identify raining materials needed to develop an rough-and-ready training program. Struck Is a successful company not only because it serves a great cup of coffee but also because the company has developed a great culture with a jumper lead training program for its managers and employees.One of the first things that a immature employee at Struck learns is that all employees ar called partners. Struck calls their employees partners because they openly value and respect each partner and acknowledge that their success would not be possible without the contributions they make on a daily basis. Partners are coached on the Star Skills, three guidelines for on-the-job interpersonal relations (1 ) maintain and e nhance self-esteem, (2) listen and acknowledge, and (3) ask for help (Struck, 2010).Struck has numerous proprietary processes and recipes so they do not often contract or outsource their training. Most of the training partners receive is hands-on and provided by experienced partners and the management team at the stack away. The bulk of a new partners training Is spent on ripe crapulence preparation. This training Involves much(prenominal) satellites as grinding the beans, steaming milk, learning to pull perfect shot of espresso, remembering the correct amount of shots and syrup pumps the different FIFO Arles require, Ana practice, practice, practice on fashioning ten core coffee Diverges.Struck sets drink standards to be memorized and followed. Milk moldiness be steamed to at least 150 degrees Fahrenheit but never more than than 170 degrees unless the customer requests it to be hotter. unceasingly pull a perfect espresso shot if the shot is shorter than 18 seconds or longer than 23 seconds it must be tossed out. Always have fresh coffee a new pot is to be brewed every 20 minutes. If a customer is satisfied with his or her experience or beverage partners are appoint to compensate them with a Struck coupon for a free drink (Thompson & Strickland, 1999).Additional lessons are provided on how to swell the milk wand on the espresso machine and how to calibrate the espresso machines for the perfect grind. The amount of training that a new partner has to process can oftentimes be overwhelming so to help out they are provided with laminated recipe cards for all the drinks on the menu and a pocket-sized green apron intensity that covers the star skills and fits perfectly their green apron, online training for the cash register and loneliness standards, and the support of all the separate partners on the floor.The training received by partners can seem intense but the teamwork and culture created leaves customers with such great impressions the often retur n Just for the enjoyable experience As the staff becomes veteran(a), some of the training gets forgotten and mistakes happen. In its campaign to revive the intimate, friendly feel of a neighborhood coffee shop, Struck orchestrated the closing of 7,100 of its American stores at precisely 530 p. M. Or a three-hour educate session for employees (Grumman, 2008, Para. 2). The training objective is primarily focused on recipe consistency so Struck decided their plan would be more effective by incorporating in-house expertise as part of the training medium. The program will combine the presentation and hands-on training methods where employees receive information individually, and in a group sessions to have the opportunity to actively practice the specific skills being taught.The group sessions allow employees to deal new techniques to improve the taste and texture of drinks as well as share best practices for maintaining beverage consistency while adhering to the standards or espresso shots and milk quality. Refresher training is an excellent tool to keep seasoned staff trained on the basics and to reduce the amount of errors made. This type of training is very versed and can be done at the store as opposed to in a schoolroom. An on-site correction is a type of refresher training that can be done relatively quickly.If an employee makes an error making a cup of coffee, he or she can be given refresher training immediately. Managers will have to ensure that this training is not done to demean the employee, but to re-inform him or her of the proper feels. Another on-the-spot correction that can be made is with customer service. Each employee is given quaternary hours of customer service training before entering a store. Sometimes, the basics can be forgotten, and human race nature can override training on any given day.In this case, managers can pull an employee excursus and remind him on how important customer satisfaction is to Struck. Again, this is not me ant to embarrass the employee, but simply to train the basics. It is important that refresher training be done at the store and not in a different location. On-the-spot corrections cannot be trained in a classroom because it loses its efficiency. This training needs to happen immediately (or a few hours) after an error NAS occurred so ten employees can learn ten proper steps quickly Ana prevent Torture errors of that nature.It is also important to note that employees learn better in their own environment and would be able to use their refresher training immediately. in one case the training needs and objectives are identified, training materials are created, and the training medium is agreed upon the next step is capital punishment of the training process. The way people learn is an important factor to consider in the implementation process of any training program. Learning objectives must be communicated clearly and presented distinctly so that trainees come to the subject matte r to their Jobs and the organizations goals.Multiple delivery techniques can be used to train employees such as handed-down presentations or lectures that are given in classroom settings, the use of computer-based training (CB) on-line, internships or work-study mentoring programs, simulation training, or hands on-the-Job training (JOT) techniques. The training context or physical environment should mirror the work environment. Training sessions and materials should use familiar terms, concepts, and examples.Any of the techniques Struck selects is dependent on their training objective, the materials covered, and the timeshare in which the employee is expected to develop the learned traits. When the course objectives call for presenting information on a specific topic to many trainees, classroom instruction is one of the least expensive and least time-consuming ways to accomplish the goal. The refresher training program Struck developed is centered primarily on JOT techniques and is expected to be more effective because the trainers will enhance heir lectures with Job-related examples and trainees have opportunities for hands- on learning.The on-site instructors or facilitators are functional to answer questions and give immediate corrective feedback. rating is an integral part of the training and development process. Evaluation tools help to determine the effectiveness of the training programs and materials that employees receive. Evidence suggests that because of insufficient budget or time, lack of expertise, blind trust in training solutions or lack of methods and tools, the evaluations are often inconsistent or lacking(p) (Ma, 2006).At Struck it is all about(predicate) the customer experience customer satisfaction is how Struck evaluates the effectiveness of their training processes. They have implemented a few processes to get feedback from their customers these include secret shoppers, customer comment cards, customer care phone number, and online surveys that print on random customer receipts throughout the day. All of the information is gathered together and sent directly to the store management, the management to assess the training needs for their store then uses the comments and feedback provided.The first order of good service in the food industry is employee knowledge. Employees should know about the organizational goals, the products, and their preparations as well as the ability to share that knowledge with customers. If an employee does not know or understand what they are talking about they cannot sell or serve effectively (Turning, 2000). Struck offers a dizzying array of coffee drinks and expects their employees to be fully versed in how to make the drinks consistently because this is the foundation of the Struck concept.