The University Of The Ozarks - 888 Words

The Student Government Association, a student lead organization aimed to improve the campus community, has established several goals they would like to accomplish during the current school year, 2015-2016. In order to determine these goals and objectives, two detailed persona profiles were created which provided the association with a better understanding of their audiences and how to best communicate with them. The publics were divided into two groups, students pertaining to the senate and students pertaining to the student body. Therefore, the next stage consists in performing research regarding the goals SGA has established by conducting surveys and focus groups on campus. As mentioned previously, SGA works closely with two different publics. The first and primary publics are the officers and senators of the association, whereas the second publics consist of the rest of the student body at the University of the Ozarks. 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The Epic Of Gilgamesh And The Holy Of Heaven - 1502 Words

Though separated by geography and beliefs, ancient peoples worshipped gods and idealized systems which created the basis of their cultures. Ancient works and writings such as the Epic of Gilgamesh, Hebrew Scriptures, and the Bhagavad Gita, preserve the interactions of gods and mortal religious figures. While fragmented and lost to time, the remnants of Mediterranean, Hebrew, and Hindu writings, like many other religions, show the relationship between the divine and their worshippers, through the importance of humans, their actions, and the roles of their gods. Mediterranean polytheism, which consists of the Greek and Mesopotamian pantheons, argues that mortals who are not strong enough to stand at least equal to the gods, are at the mercy†¦show more content†¦The interactions between the Greek gods and their worshippers also denote the relationship between the gods and mortals. In the story of Theseus and the Minotaur, the Minotaur is the son of Pasiphae, the queen of Crete, conceived after the gods punished Pasiphae into falling in love and sleeping with a bull. However, the gods punished her after Minos, the king of Crete and her husband, refused to sacrifice the bull to the gods, leading to the events of the myth. The result of both mortal and divine meddling, the Minotaur, the half human and half bull offspring of the union between Pasiphae and the bull, is responsible for the deaths of many Athenians until Theseus defeated it. While the gods might not have known the consequences of their actions, they still disregarded the wi ll of a mortal, Pasiphae, when they decided to punish her for Minos’s crime. The creation of the Minotaur shows the callousness that the Greek gods approach human will and that the divine have the power to force the desires of mortals. Hebrew Monotheism, shows that Yahweh, their one god, cares the most about his chosen people, the Israelites, but is capable of manipulating both them and other peoples who do not worship him. When Abraham first forms a covenant with Yahweh, Yahweh tells him that his descendants will be enslaved, but â€Å"this is my covenant with you: You will be the father of many nations... I will make you very

Corporate Social Responsibility The Narrow And Broad Views Of CSR

Question: Write a report that discusses the arguments for and against the narrow and broad views of CSR. Please use your text book as a guide, and include all the arguments discussed in Chapter 4. Discuss your position in relation to the CSR debate i.e. do you favour the broad or the narrow view? Imagine yourself after graduating. You are the CEO of a large company and have adopted your chosen view. How would your approach affect society? Use ethical theory to defend your position. An effective way to do this is to: a. Choose an ethical theory to apply to the broad or narrow view.b. Briefly outline the theory to demonstrate your understanding of it.c. Apply it to the issue (HINT: Its easier to apply it to the concept of one view or another, rather than to specific arguments for/against one side). Justify any assumptions that you make.d. When you have applied the theory, make a clear statement regarding whether or not your application of theory finds your chosen view ethical. Answer: Corporate Social Responsibility: The Narrow and Broad Views Introduction The Corporate Social Responsibility is a concept of management according to which the companies incorporate the social as well as the environmental concerns into their operations and interactions with their stakeholders in business [4]. Particularly in the past couple of years, the empirical research conducted had stated that the initiatives of Corporate Social Responsibility had a good payoff for both the companies as well as the stakeholders. Companies require Corporate Social Responsibility for a number of reasons. Getting Tired of Never-Ending Assignments? Hire an Expert from MyAssignmenthelp and Get the Necessary Assignment Help at a Reasonable Rate. This phrase of Corporate Social Responsibility widely describes the extension of the corporations to have an ethical obligation towards the stakeholders. With the increase of influence and power of the corporations the arguments regarding the responsibility of the companies towards the stakeholders beyond the making of profits have also increased. The World Business Council for Sustainable Development had defined CSR as a commitment through which the business organizations are required to maintain ethics and morality and contribute to the economic development in order to improve the quality of life for the workforce and families and also the community and the society. The International Finance Corporation (IFC) stated that CSR is a business commitment for contributing to the economic development. It also resonate the definition of Business Council for Sustainable Development by stating that businesses should work with employees, families, local communities and the society as such attempts would be beneficial for the businesses in the long run. Sociologists consider CSR in the capitalist form and state that this social responsibility began in the form of a social movement against the uninhibited power of the corporate houses. The primary policies and functions of Corporate Social Responsibility as a self-regulatory body includes the monitoring of business and ensuring active compliance according to law, ethics and international standards. However, in some cases implementing or the CSR includes a number of other details such as actions of social good, ahead of the interests of the company in accordance with the law [4]. The objectives of Corporate Social Responsibility includes the gripping of business actions and encouraging a constructive impression on the stakeholders which includes the employees, consumers, the communities, the investors and also the environment. This term of Corporate Social Responsibility popularized during the 1960s and since then it has remained a significant part of company and has over the years comprised within itself a number of other responsibilities such as the legal and moral responsibilities. In this research study the researcher has attempted to explore the two distinct views of Corporate Social Responsibility and also expressed the significance of the broad view of CSR with the help of ethical theory and appropriate instances. The narrow and broad views of CSR Corporate Social Responsibility can be considered as one of the most widely disputed issues in the area of business organizations. There exist two extreme views and opinions regarding the social responsibilities in business [4]. On one hand is the classical view according to which the companies are business enterprises or more precisely economic organizations whose sole motive is to make profits and they have only one responsibility towards the society that is to provide the necessary goods and services to them in exchange of providing maximum profits to the shareholders [3]. Economist and Nobel Prize Winner Milton Friedman supported this classical view of CSR. He stated that the sole responsibility of the managers and the company to carry out the business operations for satisfying the interests of the shareholders and this interest also coincides with the maximization of profits. On the other hand lays the socioeconomic view according to which all business organizations are part of the larger society and hence its responsibilities cannot be restricted to the mere maximization of profits [3]. The proponents of the view further state that even looking at the financial aspect of the company it is in the companys interest to be responsible towards the society. Both the views on Corporate Social Responsibility have been under scrutiny and have been argued extensively as gradually this arena is becoming increasingly essential for the society where the business operates. With time the classical theory or the narrow view of CSR is becoming fader and the socio-economic approach is gaining momentum. Internationally most business houses are adopting the CSR along with their economical interests. As stated above the narrow view suggests that the primary and sole objective of business would be to maximize profits. Scholars supporting different views have generally argued on the narrow and the broad views [2]. For instance Levitt had stated that eventually businesses have two main responsibilities. One is to comply with the basic standards of any business and second is to profit from the business. Friedman argues business should only concentrate on maximizing profits and not on social wellbeing. He further argues since corporations are artificial persons they have artificial responsibilities. Business being an artificial construction the responsibility lies solely on the proprietors and the corporate executives who are the only ones held liable [9]. The narrow view further states that business organization should make money, the executives are employed to accomplish the goals and hence the managers must act in accordance with the owners [1]. Freidman also stated that the executives do have certain amount of corporate social responsibility ahead of making profits. These social responsibilities include the spending of the shareholders money for general interests in the way of taxing owners and spending such tax on community causes [9]. Freidman further argues that the only social responsibility that a business organization has is to indulge in such activities which assist in increasing the profits and that such profit making schemes should be in accordance to the law that is the business should made in an open and freely competitive market without any fraudulences and deceptions. When no force is used the profit making cannot be considered as wrong. Nevertheless, there are such instances of force that gives businesses and markets the wrong impression of profits [2]. Contrastingly, the broader view of Corporate Social Responsibility states that other than the main objective of gaining profits the businesses and organizations have responsibility towards the communities where they operate and to address the negative consequences of their businesses on the society. The Acceptance of the Broader View Both the narrow and the broader view of CSR have a number of supporters. However, I being a CEO of a large company would favor the broader view due to a variety of reasons. There are some arguments which are generally presented to support the narrow view of CSR. The first argument is based on Adam Smiths invisible hand argument. According to this argument organizations should be independent to promote their own self-interests and during this they would be guided by the invisible hand to do social good [6]. Further if organizations are forced to worry about the CSR then would not be able to meet the material needs. However, it needs to be noted that this view is extremely old and does not exist in contemporary times [8]. Presently, corporations have more powerful than the governments. The second argument on behalf of the narrow view is that it is the government of the country that should be responsible for regulating the activities of the corporations and make sure that they act ethically. It needs to be mentioned that it is not possible for the government alone to regulate all the possible unethical behaviors of all the organizations. Further it also not possible to predict the probable behavior of all the organizations [4]. The third argument is that organizations should not be trusted for promoting the well-being of the society as they lack appropriate expertise and would be more prone to project the material views on the society. This contention can also be refuted since there are many private organizations that are capable of looking into the well-being of the society and their own interests as well. The fourth argument is that most corporate executives do not have the moral or the social capabilities to take social welfare decisions hence they would be inefficient in this field. It should be noted that no person is born perfect or with all capabilities. People learn along with their work and responsibilities. In all other sectors people from given expert backgrounds are taking up this Corporate Social Responsibility. Hence even the companies should not be far behind in this matter. And the final argument is that when business organizations are given social responsibilities they would use the influence and power and covert the society into a more commercial and materialistic place. This argument is totally baseless since the business organizations already have enough power to manipulate, materialize or commercialize the society. Proceeding to the broader view there are a number of contentions that proves that the broader view of Corporate Social Responsibility should be adopted rather than the narrow view. Firstly, the duties of any corporation involve the duties towards the stakeholders, the employees, the customers, the suppliers and the environment [5]. Hence the consequences of the actions of the organizations are even felt by the wider society. Secondly, there exists a saying that with great power comes greater responsibilities. Business organizations are generally large and extremely influential and hence they have certain responsibilities towards the society. Thirdly, there exists a universal social contract between the society and business. According to this contract it is the society which makes the rules and guidelines and the responsibilities under which the organizations operate [4]. Therefore, when the society concentrates on sustainability, quality of life and the environment then the organizations should also follow suit and abide by the social norms. And finally under the law every organization is considered as a person. Being a person they are given the right to speech, right to own property and the right to enter into contracts. With rights comes duty and hence the organizations have a duty towards the society. Ethics and CSR The differences between the broad and narrow view of CSR can be elaborately explained with the help of an ethical theory and its application in a practical theory. In accordance to the stakeholders theory stakeholders are such individuals who are the most affected by policies, actions and procedures of the organization. Whereas some stakeholders have specified legal rights in the organizations some stakeholders may have more moral rights relating to the organization [7]. For instance in a large organization having multiple stakeholders some of them are primary stakeholders and others are secondary stakeholders. Under such situations an environmental group may not have any legal rights in the organization. However, they do have a moral right to know about the environmental policies of the organization. Towards their customers who are the primary stakeholders the organization has a lot of responsibilities. They are responsible to deliver such goods to the customers which function properly, are safe and of value. Being a CEO of such a large organization with multiple stakeholders I would consider the broader view of Corporate Social Responsibility. This is because if the narrow approach is considered most of the rights of the stakeholders would be ignored. Corporations generally have been criticized for their adverse effects on the environment as they usually wasted natural resources and contributed largely to environmental problems. With regard to the broader approach the organization would have the responsibility towards the protection of the environment. With the protection of environment the moral obligations towards the secondary stakeholders such the environmental group may be fulfilled. If the sole motive the organization would have been maximizing profit as according to the narrow approach then such moral rights of the secondary stakeholders would not be fulfilled [7]. Also with regard to the primary stakeholders their legal and moral rights also needs to ascertained by the organizations. These rights may also be fulfilled only with the help of the broader view of CSR. Hence this suffices that in order to fulfill the moral and legal rights of the stakeholders it is essential that the broader view of the CSR be adopted since only then the organization would be able to fulfill the business ethics of the stakeholders. Recommendations To have a concrete CSR every organization should abide by certain guidelines so that the large organizations are transformed into productive corporations that affect the society in a positive manner. According to the policies of Corporate Social Responsibility corporations should give away some of the wealth and success to the society for supporting them. In most of the developing countries that have multinational organizations that employ poor people in the factories. Since the organizations have lot of social and financial influence they can make contacts with the governments and business houses to make a difference to these lives. They can contribute in employment schemes, education of their children, counseling sessions and also assist them in staring businesses. Secondly, it is a known fact that the natural environment is the primary source of wealth and such wealth is being abused by humans for centuries. Organizations which take the CSR seriously would understand that they do not indulge in such environmental damage and further they contribute their time and money to protect and preserve the environment [9]. In any organization employees are the primary important factor as they are the ones who produce the wealth. There are companies where collective bargaining protects the interests of the employees. However, such an arrangement is not present in all organizations. Corporate Social Responsibility recommends that all organizations should properly remunerate the employees for the work they do make the organization successful. Equitable packages including salaries, benefits, pension plans and paid vacations should be given to the employees. Corporate organizations should also provide the customers reasonable and appropriate products as they had advertised. Hence by abiding by the standards and guidelines of the CSR corporations not only maximize profits but also serve the society. Conclusion Hence it can be construed that CSR is a sort of duty that the business organizations should eagerly perform in the society where they operate and in a responsible manner. Under general circumstances organizations should not be forced to perform such duties but nevertheless, there are companies that have signified that they need to be forced to take up at least some form of Corporate Social Responsibility [4]. Further sometimes the government, the social media, the advocacy groups and the civil societies compel the business enterprises to practice CSR. From the above discussion it is evident that significant and active CSR is useful not only to the society but also to the company, the employees and the government. Hence CSR should be considered among the basic concepts and values of the company and in this way the corporate organizations would shift from the idea of exploiting the community. This concept would further make the organizations responsible without adding pressure to the authorities. References 1 Sternberg E. CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 1.Economic Affairs2009;29:5-10. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0270.2009.01940.x 2 Aluchna M. Special issue on Corporate social responsibility in transitional economies.Social Responsibility Journal2008;4. doi:10.1108/srj.2008.36804aaa.002 3 Demetrious K. Corporate social responsibility, new activism and public relations.Social Responsibility Journal2008;4:104-119. doi:10.1108/17471110810856875 4 Arvidsson S. Corporate social responsibility and stock market actors: a comprehensive study.Social Responsibility Journal2014;10:210-225. doi:10.1108/srj-08-2012-0099 5 Scott S. Corporate Social Responsibility and the Fetter of Profitability.Social Responsibility Journal2007;3:31-39. doi:10.1108/17471110710840215 6 Hunnicutt S.Corporate social responsibility. Detroit, MI: : Greenhaven Press 2009. 7 Zu L.Corporate social responsibility, corporate restructuring and firm's performance. Berlin: : Springer 2009. 8 Schreck P.The business case for corporate social responsibility. Heidelberg: : Physica-Verlag 2009. 9 Crowther D, Capaldi N.The Ashgate research companion to corporate social responsibility. Aldershot, England: : Ashgate 2008

Is it right for an organization to seek to shape employee views and values

Introduction An organization can be defined as a group of people working in unity toward achieving common goals and objectives. People in an organization can use their strengths and individual capabilities to achieve better results through specialization and division of labor. The principles, perceptions, assumptions, views and values of people in an organization are some of the major factors that develop an organization’s culture.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Is it right for an organization to seek to shape employee views and values? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These character traits together with the physical aspects, the infrastructural development and the social attitude of employees form the basic components of an organization. They can be used to determine the views and attitudes of other people outside the organizations structure; what they think about the organization’s social and co rporate status, whether they desire to be associated with the organization and the loyalty and pride of partners and other people. Although every system of an organization’s governance has its set out guidelines and principles, it is obvious that every employee also has their own views and values about their work and life in general. While realizing that change is inevitable, there has always been debate on whether it is right for an organization to seek to shape employee views and values. Employees in organizations come from different backgrounds and have a different outlook about life. It is important for this people to positively coexist and interact so that every one of them plays an active role in making sure that the organization goals and objectives are met. It is crucial for an organization to try and shape their views and values if this is to happen although the methods that organizations use can lead to negative perceptions about the expectations of employers. Many organizations have sought to shape the character and personalities of their employees through the use of rules, guidelines and policies which an individual is committed to adhere to by signing contracts and other documents, like in many security firms around the world where qualities like privacy, loyalty and confidentiality are some of the expectations of these employers from their employees (Russell Consulting Incorporation 2011). These companies have to make sure that employees’ values and views about their jobs are aligned to company goals and objectives. Others set out goals and standards which when achieved they are recognized and rewarded. This is important for companies which are in competitive and challenging fields especially in the service sector to make sure that they motivate and boost employee morale. Sometimes organizations will go as far as taking their staff to retreats, seminars and other training programs in order to make sure that they understand and get t o the level of performance desired by the organization and that they work in harmony and unity as one team (Chapman 2010).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Everybody including employees working in an organization has their rights and freedoms which should not be interfered with, but when an individual is employed in an organization, whether it is their first job or they were employed somewhere else, they enter into a new and different environment from the one they knew. This is why their ideas values and views need to be molded so that they can live in harmony with other employees in the organization. Employees in organizations will always try to find out what is important and determine whether it is important to freely compete for opportunities, identify and speak out when problems occur and improve on situations when they have the ability to do so. Sometimes they can feel t hat it is not necessary and decide to keep the status quo, to remain silent and keep out of trouble. They work because it is a routine and they have no personal connections with their jobs. Whether they realize it or not employees play a very important role in building an organization’s reputation and making sure that the working environment is safe and comforting to everyone. This in turn affects an organizations output and productivity. For example employees working in the front office, customer care or public relations departments will directly affect their customers either positively or negatively depending on their attitudes, personality traits, and how much they appreciate their work and their employer. Therefore companies can instill better values and train on ways of improving customer service (Robbins 2009). Another reason for shaping employees is that organizations will be involved in group work and team work most of the time. In such situations the building of trus t and reliability between the employees and management and among the employees themselves which brings positive and supportive socialization does not happen spontaneously or easily. There must be effort to make sure that people cooperate by providing input in discussions, giving solutions to problems, participating in debates that are helpful and assisting one another. Employees should be able to understand company procedures and feel free to express their ideas and views even when some of them contradict or are not in agreement with the management. Through impacting these values in their employees, the management in an organization is able to know when there are conflicts and the best way to get out of those situations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Is it right for an organization to seek to shape employee views and values? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is also easier to find out about organizational we aknesses (Ridley 2003). Organizations should always be consistent in seeking input from their employees so that they are able to consider employee suggestions and keeping a hold of their attitudes and opinions. This ensures that the employees do not feel secluded; they can actively participate in performance evaluations and decision making. They also do not feel that the management is only focused on the performance of the company either financially or in terms of productivity. Employees can have the chance to determine the priorities of the organization. For example whether it is hard work commitment and performance which determines success and promotion within the organization or it is connections and relationship with the seniors (Moynihan 2007). Different organizations have different leadership styles and it is upon the managements to make sure that their employees are aware of the methods of communication and integration that are acceptable in their companies. It is important f or employees to have a sense of belonging and feel confident when representing their companies and this can only happen if they do not doubt themselves when they are sent on behave of the organization (Bach 2005) Some of the examples of organizations that find it necessary to shape employees attitudes and values in addition to their skills are those in the banking sector where extra commitment to work is required. These employees require a lot of skills and the right attitude to direct their energy and make sure that they are productive. They need to be committed to their work to make sure that they have the motivation and the drive to continue working even under pressure and when they feel tired. Sometimes they are even required to work overtime. It can never be easy for an individual to be surrounded by money all the time when all they earn is just a fraction of it. These employees are required to be honest and genuine in their operation and sometimes these are values that require a lot of shaping and molding (Reece 2008). Banks should be able to identify the resources abilities, capabilities and the need to develop potential of their staff both as individuals and in groups. Find ways of developing a culture of work that is focused on achieving the company’s goals and fulfilling its mission and hire workers who can learn and meet the standards required. They should also be flexible and be able to adapt to new changes in skills and technology. Apart from working skills other important traits in bank workers include good communication and presentation skills, confidence and the ability to concentrate. These and other values and personality traits have to be learnt by the employee either through deliberate training or through interaction with other employees if the individual is to survive and succeed in that profession (McNaughton Carlson 1992).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is important for organizations to train their employees on what they expect in their values and attitudes so that there is harmony within the working place. Different sectors and departments within an organization can only complement each other if there are guidelines on how work should be done and the relationships between employees. The social-cultural aspect of an organization is as important as any other in the success of that organization. Reference List Bach,S., 2005, Managing human resources : personnel management in  transition. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing. Chapman, A., 1995, Motivational Theory. New York: Alan Chapman McNaughton, D., Carlson, D., 1992. Building strong management and responding to change. Washington, DC: World Bank. Moynihan, D.P., 2007, Finding Workable levers Over Work Motivation: Comparing Job satisfaction, job involvement and organizational commitment. Wisconsin: administration Society. Reece, B., Brandt, R., 2008, Human Relations Principles and practices. Cincinnati South-Western Pub Ridley, M., 2003, Nature via nature. New York: Harper Collins Robbins S. P., 2009, Organizational behavior: global and Southern African  perspectives. Cape Town: Pearson Education. Russell Consulting Incorporation., 2011. Understanding Organizational Culture. Web. Web. This essay on Is it right for an organization to seek to shape employee views and values? was written and submitted by user Cailyn Stephenson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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